Rossi, Karl Ivanovich

Carlo di Giovanni (Carl Ivanovich) Rossi was born on December 18 (29), 1775 in Naples . Since 1787, together with his mother, ballerina Gertrude Rossi, and stepfather, an outstanding ballet dancer Charles Le Pic , he lived in Russia, in St. Petersburg , where his famous stepfather was invited.

In 1788, Rossi entered the famous German school St. Petri-Schule . Having been connected with the art world since childhood, Rossi studied with the architect Vincenzo Brenna . In 1795 he entered the service of the Admiralty College of Architecture as a draftsman. From 1796 he was an assistant to Brenn on the construction of the Mikhailovsky Castle . In 1801 he became an architectural assistant to the 10th grade. In 1802, Rossi received a business trip abroad to complete his education and left for Italy for two years.

In 1806, Rossi became the architect of the Cabinet ^{[ specify ]} . However, at first he gets a job not as an architect, but as a porcelain artist, and has worked at a porcelain and glass factory for two years. In August 1808, Rossi was sent to Moscow on an expedition to the Kremlin building . Of the Moscow works of the architect (the neo-Gothic Catherine’s Church of the Ascension Monastery in the Kremlin , the wooden theater on Arbat Square), almost nothing has been preserved. In 1809, Rossi rebuilt the Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna's Travel Palace in Tver.

In 1815, Rossi returned to St. Petersburg. In 1816 he was appointed a member of the Committee for Structures and Hydraulic Works . The early works of Rossi in St. Petersburg and its environs include the reconstruction of the Anichkov Palace (1816), a number of pavilions and a library in the Pavlovsk Palace (1815-1822, in 1822-1824 the architect built a library over the Gonzago Gallery ), Yelagin Palace with a greenhouse and pavilions (1816 -1818). Under the leadership of Rossi, restructuring was carried out inside the Winter Palace : chambers for the bride of Nikolai Pavlovich , Princess Charlotte , who arrived in St. Petersburg (1817), reconstruction of apartments in the south-eastern risalit for the stay of the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm III (1818), the Military Gallery was created in 1826 .

The main area of ​​activity of Russia was the creation of urban architectural ensembles. Largely thanks to him, Petersburg gained a new face, turning into the center of a giant empire, proud of its victories over Napoleon . His projects had a harmonious combination of architectural forms with allegorical sculpture, innovative constructive techniques (for example, metal ceilings).

The outstanding architectural and urban craftsmanship of Russia is embodied in the ensembles of the Mikhailovsky Palace with the adjacent garden and square (1819-1825), Palace Square with the grandiose arched building of the General Staff Building and the Arc de Triomphe (1819-1829), Senate Square with the buildings of the Senate and the Synod (1829 —1834), Alexandrinsky Square with the buildings of the Alexandrinsky Theater (1827-1832), the new building of the Imperial Public Library and two homogeneous extended buildings of Theater Street (now Rossiyskaya Rossi Street ).

Having come into conflict with the entourage of Nicholas I , Rossi resigned in 1832, resigning "from all classes on buildings." One of the last buildings of Russia was the bell tower of the St. George Monastery near Veliky Novgorod .

K.I. Rossi died on April 6 (18), 1849 in St. Petersburg . He was buried at the Wolf Lutheran cemetery . He was reburied in 1940 at the Lazarevsky cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra ^[3] .

• 1838 - Italian street , 11;
• 01.01 - 06.04. 1849 - apartment building Klyuchev - embankment of the Fontanka River , 185.

• Wooden Theater (1806, Moscow, Arbat Square ), burned down in 1812 ^[4]
• Catherine's Church in the Kremlin (1808)
• Reconstruction of the Catherine II Travel Palace in Tver (1809)
• Reconstruction of the Anichkov Palace (1816)
• A series of pavilions and a library over the Gonzago Gallery in the Pavlovsk Palace (1815-1822)
• Elagin Palace with a greenhouse and pavilions (1816-1818)
• The ensemble of the Mikhailovsky Palace with an adjacent garden and square (1819-1825)
• The ensemble of Palace Square with the General Staff building and the Arc de Triomphe (1819-1829)
• The Senate Square ensemble with the buildings of the Senate and the Synod (1829-1834)
• The ensemble of Alexandrinsky Square with the buildings of the Alexandrinsky Theater , the new building of the Imperial Public Library and two homogeneous extended buildings of Theater Street (now Rossiyskaya Rossi Street ) (1827-1832)
• The bell tower of the St. George Monastery (1841)

Possible authorship

• Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ in the Nativity of Christ Monastery in Tver (1814-1820)
• Transfiguration Cathedral in Torzhok (1814-1822)

By Rossi's projects

• 1913 (according to the project of 1816) - Pavilion of Russia in Pavlovsk (monument to Empress Maria Fedorovna ), architect K.K. Schmidt , sculptor V.A. Beklemishev .

The films “Rossi” and “Pavlovsk Palace” of the documentary series “Show off, City of Petrov!” (2011-2013) are devoted to the work of the architect.

• Weinert N. Rossi . - M.-L.: Art, 1939.
• Zhilinsky J. The General Staff Building. Historical background. SPb., 1892.
• Grimm G.G. Ensembles of Russia. Arts Square and Ostrovsky Square. M.-L.: Art, 1946.
• O. Forsh Mikhailovsky Castle . L .: Classics and contemporaries. Soviet literature, 1946.
• Pilyavsky V.I., Architect of Russia. M.-L .: GIAiG, 1951.
• Rossi, Karl Ivanovich (1775-1849). Catalog of architectural drawings and projects of applied art. To the 200th anniversary of his birth. L., 1975.
• Taranovskaya M.Z. Karl Rossi. Architect. Urban planner. Artist. L .: Stroyizdat, 1980.
• Karpova E.V., Kuznetsov S.O. Disappeared Interiors of the Stroganov Palace // Monuments of Culture. New discoveries. 1999. M., 2000, S.480-492 [on the work of Russia in the Stroganov Palace].
• Turchin V.S. Alexander I and neoclassicism in Russia. Empire style or empire as a style. M .: Giraffe, 2001.
• Shuisky V.K. Carlo Rossi. St. Petersburg: Stroyizdat, 2001.
• Kirikov B.M. Architectural Monuments of St. Petersburg. - 2nd ed. - SPb. : Kolo , 2007 .-- 384 p.

• Glikin A. A. Classical Petersburg and the work of Karl Rossi in the context of modern traditionalism. Abstract. dis.kand. Philos. sciences. SPb., 2010.
• Vlasov V.G. The Italianizing St. Petersburg Empire K. Rossi and the architecture of long-term prospects // Vlasov V. G. Art of Russia in the space of Eurasia. In 3 vols. - St. Petersburg: Dmitry Bulanin, 2012. Vol.2: Classical architecture and Russian classicism. - S. 201—226.

• 200 years since the birth of K. I. Rossi 1775-1975 Series of match labels for the 200th anniversary