Black Forest, Eugene

Born July 4, 1872 in a Jewish family in the village of Polupanovka, Galicia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, now the Podvolochissky district of Ukraine, in the family of Leo Nussbaum and his wife Ester ( Ester Nussbaum ). was the sister of (née Anton Nusbaum) - an Austrian journalist and official.

She studied in Chernivtsi, where she attended a teacher training college, then studied German from 1895 to 1900 and other subjects (English, philosophy and pedagogy) at the University of Zurich - the only educational institution where women could study. On July 30, 1900, she became one of the first Austrian women to receive a Ph.D. degree for her dissertation “Metapher und Gleichnis bei Berthold von Regensburg” .

Having married on December 16, 1900, they have been living in Vienna since 1901. Eugenia worked as the head of the women's lyceum of Eleonore Dzheyteles ( Eleonore Jeiteles , 1841-1918). However, the Kaiser Ministry of Culture and Education granted her only three years to temporarily lead the school, in 1905 she had to appoint a mathematics teacher Ludwig Dörfler as the director of this lyceum.

Since 1911, she led the women's 8-grade real gymnasium - this was the first school in Austria where girls could get higher education. Eugenia Schwarzwald invited famous people as teachers: Oscar Kokoschka (painting and graphics), Adolf Loz (architecture), Arnold Schönberg and Egon Welles (music), Hans Kelsen (sociology and economics) and (literature). Rommel was also the principal of the gymnasium from 1916 to 1919.

During World War I, she organized public kitchens, shelters, and homes for training. During the period of inflation ( Inflationszeit ) she founded the Austrian Relief Services for Germany ( Österreichische Freundeshilfe für Deutschland ) and communal cuisines in Berlin. At the end of the war, she opened several holiday homes for children and adults, in particular, in , Semmering , Bad Ischl , Mödling , Reichenau an der Rax , Waidhofen an der Ibs and Bad Fischau Brunne as well as a youth workshop for boys in Vienna's Favoriten district.

Since 1933, Eugene Schwarzwald helped refugees from Germany, in 1934 she supported the persecuted Social Democrats. In 1938, the Black Forest was forced to leave Austria because of its Jewish origin and emigrate to Switzerland; its schools were closed, many of the students were also forced to emigrate (many to the USA ) or were later killed during the Holocaust . Her husband also fled from Austria to Switzerland in September 1938, where he died in 1939.

Eugene Schwarzwald died on August 7, 1940 in Zurich. In 2011, one of the streets of the Vienna district of Donaustadt was named after her.

Among her famous graduates were:

• - dancer, actress and operetta singer;
• - musician (harpist) and writer;
• Anna Freud - psychologist and psychoanalyst, the youngest daughter of Sigmund Freud ;
• - writer;
• - artist and fashion designer;
• Edith Kramer - artist, pioneer of art therapy;
• - writer;
• - actress;
• - psychiatrist and psychoanalyst;
• - writer, translator and journalist;
• Helena, Weigel - actress and theater administrator, second wife of Bertolt Brecht ;
• - art critic, writer, teacher.

• Renate Göllner . Mädchenbildung um 1900: Eugenie Schwarzwald und ihre Schulen. Dissertation an der Universität Wien 1986, OCLC 61330367.
• Renate Göllner . Ein frühes reformpädagogisches projekt: Eugenie Schwarzwald, eine Pionierin der Mädchenbildung, Universität Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt 1995, DNB 946575916.
• Robert Streibel . Eugenie Schwarzwald und ihr Kreis. Picus, Wien 1996, ISBN 3-85452-294-0 .
• Haag, John. "Schwarzwald, Eugenie." Women in World History, Vol. 14: Schu-Sui. Waterford, CT: Yorkin Publications. pp. 30–33. ISBN 0-7876-4073-5 .

• Schwarzwald, Eugenie
• Biographie Eugenie Schwarzwald
• Vienna Women in European Culture. Dr. Eugene Schwarzwald (1872–1940)