Muhammadiya is Indonesia’s largest Islamic non-governmental organization [1] . It was created in 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan as a reformist socio-religious movement advocating ijtihad - a personal interpretation of the Koran and Sunnah [2] . Since its founding, “Muhammadiya” adopted a reformist platform, combining secular and religious education [3] , mainly with the aim of promoting the movement of Muslims in Indonesia towards a more “modern” society and to clear Indonesian Islam of syncretic traditions [3] .
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History
The first branch of Muhammadiya was established on November 18, 1912 by Ahmad Dahlan in Yogyakarta [4] . Among the main reasons for creating the organization were the backwardness of the Islamic society of that time and the prevalence of Christianity in the country. Dahlan, who was greatly influenced by the ideas of the Egyptian theologian Muhammad Abdo, considered modernization as well as the cleansing of Islam from syncretic traditions as vital tasks. As a result of this, “Muhammadiya” is a tawheed, as well as maintaining monotheism in society.
From 1913 to 1918, “Muhammadiya” created five Islamic schools, in 1919 the Islamic Lyceum “Hooge School Muhammadiyah” was opened [5] . When creating educational institutions, the support of Muhammadiya was provided by Budi Utomo, a nationalist movement operating in the first half of the 20th century, in particular, thanks to it teachers were recruited [6] . Muhammadia avoided politics. Unlike the breakaway organization Nahdatul Ulama, Muhammadiya never created a political party.
In 1925, two years after the death of Dakhlan, four thousand people were members of the Muhammadiya, it built 55 schools and two hospitals [7] . In 1938, the organization numbered 250 thousand members, managed 834 mosques, 31 libraries, 1774 schools and 7630 ulama [8] .
Currently, 29 million people are members of Muhammadiya; it is Indonesia’s second largest religious organization after Nahdatul Ulama.
Executives
- (1912-1923)
- (1923-1932)
- (1932-1936)
- (1936-1942)
- (1944-1953)
- (1953-1959)
- (1959-1962)
- (1962-1968)
- Fakih Usman (1968)
- (1968-1990)
- (1990-1995)
- Amin Rais (1995-1998)
- (1998-2005)
- (2005—2015)
- (since 2015)
Notes
- ↑ A. Jalil Hamid, Tackle the rising cost of living longer . New Straits Times , October 30, 2016. Accessed November 1, 2016.
- ↑ Muhammadiyah . Div. of Religion and Philosophy, St. Martin College, UK. Date of treatment August 28, 2008. Archived September 14, 2008.
- ↑ 1 2 Abu Zayd, Nasr. Reformation of Islamic Thought . - Amsterdam University Press.
- ↑ Burhani (2005), p. 101.
- ↑ Short History of Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah (Link unavailable) . Muhammadiyah. Date of treatment August 10, 2006. Archived March 19, 2007.
- ↑ Burhani (2010), pp. 65-66
- ↑ Ricklefs, MC A History of Modern Indonesia 1200-2004. - London: MacMillan, 1991 .-- P. 356.
- ↑ Ricklefs, MC A History of Modern Indonesia 1200-2004. - London: MacMillan, 1991 .-- P. 357.