Fale (from samoman . Fale - shelter, hut) - unchanged traditional type of Samoan residential and public house, built of wood without the use of nails, which became a symbol of national cultural identity.
The Samoan word “fale” refers to buildings of any type, for example: large communal houses called “fale tele” located on platforms, open ceremonial grounds called “fale malay”, houses of the gods “fale aitu”. A similar word is used in other Polynesian languages , similar to “whare” in Maori . In Samoan architecture, these simple huts are called “faleo'o” in the Samoan language.
Content
Types
“Tufuga fau fale” (from Samoa. - “Fale builders”) is the name of an old guild of builders who were engaged in the construction of a fale. The types of fale (structures) were a hut - “faleo” (“faleo” - large fale) and a small house - “faleo'o”. Fale was usually round, but recently they are also built oval or rectangular in plan. Faleo serves as a place of important meetings and discussions, parties and ceremonies. Faleo'o is elongated and less ornate, serves residential purposes or as a beach house. There are also simply designed fale as “villa-kitchen”.
Traditional Samoan house, thatched roof. The whole structure is tied with a rope of coconut "wool". In fact, the fale has no walls, only palm leaf shields, called polo . The second type of structure - the main - a simple covered supporting structure .
The inhabitants of Samoa have practically no concept of “private life”, villagers do all the work together, all the holidays are celebrated together. Most Samoans live in traditional oval huts with a roof made of pandanus leaves or a coconut palm tree , which is located on wooden pillars without walls. At night and in bad weather, the openings between the pillars are hung with mats, they are stored in the rolled up under the roof (along its perimeter). The floor is laid out with coarse pebbles. Now there is a halyard with an iron roof.
Big Fale
Compared to a beach halyard, large and representative is Faleo or Fale Tele, a large traditional Samoan house that serves as a meeting house or a guest house .
Large halyard construction
Tourist office, with reference to the halyard model
Assembly House (Fale) in Apia , Samoa: Report on the Jules Dumont d'Urville trip of 1842
Fale in Pago Pago , American Samoa
Fale view, Lelepa village , Savaii
Distribution and use
Recently, the "faleo'o" houses are often rented on the beach as a beach chalet for tourists. Fale huts are common in villages where they provide additional storage or dragon boat space, as well as being used as a barn or beach hut. As the name implies, these beach houses are usually located around the coast in villages. In Samoa, renting a beach halyard for visitors is a common means of providing additional income for families.
In Samoa, in our time, where tourists are often also housed, the buildings are based on the fale model, only modern equipment is installed inside [1] . They have become popular in tourism as low-budget housing, located on the coast.
These simple straw huts of the Samoans — beach houses, built with several pillars without walls — are also common in other parts of Polynesia .
Gallery
Beach house on the island of Manono
Beach House facilities
Beach House Samoa, 2009
View from a single beach house
Beach House , Savaii
See also
- Maneaba
- Samoan art
Notes
- ↑ UNESCO Office for the Pacific States (Western Samoa); UNESCO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific (Thailand). “Fale Samoa” = English The Samoan Fale (English) (PDF). www.unesdoc.unesco.org . UNESCO (1992). - 81 p., Illus., Map. The appeal date is May 29, 2019.
Literature
- Te'o Tuvale: An Account of Samoan History up to 1918. Manuscriptriptruck. Kapitel: The Samoan House. O le Pale Samoa. ( Digitized texts from Oceania for the study of Samoa and the Pacific (English) ).
- Peter Trebsche (Hrsg.): Der gebaute Raum. Bausteine einer Architektursoziologie vormoderner Gesellschaften. Waxmann, Münster 2010, ISBN 978-3-8309-2285-8 , insbesondere S. 443a, 457a.
- FJH Grattan: Samoan Custom. McMillan, Papakura, New Zealand 1948. Reprint: 1985, ISBN 0-908712-13-8 ( Digitized texts from Oceania for the study of Samoa and the Pacific (Eng.) ).
Links
- Varlamov, I. A. Samoa: Islands of Laziness and Third-Gender
- Samoa Tourism Board (English)
- Report on the creation of a school fale (English)
- UNESCO Report on Fale (eng.)
- Traditional Samoan and Fiji Architecture (eng.)