Dora Richter ( Eng. Dora Richter ; 1891-1933; Germany ) - the first known transgender woman who underwent a full cycle of operations to correct sex [1] . She was one of many transgender people cared for by gender pioneer Magnus Hirschfeld at the Berlin Institute for Sexual Sciences in the 1920s and early 1930s. She underwent an orchiectomy in 1922 , after which in 1931 the penis was removed and vaginoplasty was performed [2] .
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Biography
Richter was born into a poor farm family [3] in 1891 . At birth, she was given the name Rudolph and raised as a boy. In early childhood, Richter showed "a tendency to act and behave like a woman" [4] . At the age of 6, she apparently tried to remove her penis using a tourniquet [5] . Using Dora's name, she began to wear women's clothing and introduce herself as a woman, working as a waiter under her name in Berlin hotels during the summer season, and then living as a woman until the end of the year. She was arrested for changing clothes, for which she was serving a term in prison, after which the judge released her in the care of Hirschfeld [5] .
With special police permission to wear women's clothing, Richter worked with other transgender people as domestic workers at the Institute of Sexual Sciences [4] . In 1922 she underwent an orchiectomy. Dr. Felix Abraham, a psychiatrist working at the institute, published the results of Richter's transition as a study: “Her castration had an effect, although not very significant, her body became fuller, her beard was limited, the first signs of development of the chest and pelvic fat layer appeared, ... forms have become more feminine ” [6]
In early 1931, Richter underwent a penectomy performed by Levi-Lenz, a doctor at the institute, and in June of that year she underwent vaginoplasty with a Berlin surgeon, Professor Erving Gorbandt [6] [7] , making her the first transgender woman, from whose records it is clear that she underwent vaginoplasty.
In May 1933 , with the growing influence of the Nazis in Germany, the institute was attacked, during which the documents stored in it were burned. Nothing is known about Richter’s future fate; she probably died either during the attack on the institute or shortly after it [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Nick Arnold. 7 people who changed LGBT history (unspecified) ? . BBC Three (January 23, 2018). Date of treatment March 31, 2019.
- ↑ E. Mancini. Magnus Hirschfeld and the Quest for Sexual Freedom: A History of the First International Sexual Freedom Movement . - Springer, 2010-11-08. - 222 p. - ISBN 9780230114395 .
- ↑ Ball, Edward, 1959-. Peninsula of lies: a true story of mysterious birth and taboo love . - First Simon & Schuster pbk. edition. - New York. - 1 online resource (271 pages) sec. - ISBN 9781451603712 , 1451603711.
- ↑ 1 2 Harald Rimmele. Rudolph R./Dorchen Neopr . www.hirschfeld.in-berlin.de. Date of treatment March 31, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Dorchen's Day . Providentia. Date of treatment March 31, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 Trans Media Watch . www.transmediawatch.org. Date of treatment March 31, 2019.
- ↑ Harald Rimmele. Rudolph R./Dorchen Neopr . www.hirschfeld.in-berlin.de. Date of treatment March 31, 2019.