A standardization organization is an organization whose main activity is the development, coordination, publication, or other production of standards . [one]
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Standards has a distribution within the competence of the Organization for Standardization and, as a rule, the following levels of standards are distinguished [1] :
- International standards
- Interstate standards
- National standards
- Industry Standards
Content
International Standards
Key international standards organizations are:
- The International Organization for Standardization is the main organization for the development of international standards, it was established in 1947 on the basis of an agreement between representatives of 25 industrialized countries to establish an organization with the authority to coordinate at the international level the development of various industrial standards and implement their procedure for international standards [2] . ISO members are national standards organizations of 164 countries [3] .
- The International Electrotechnical Commission (the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ) - the work of IEC / IEC is associated with the standardization of the physical characteristics of electrical and electronic equipment. The focus of IEC is on such issues as, for example, electrical measurements, testing, disposal, safety of electrical and electronic equipment. The members of IEC are national organizations (committees) of technology standardization in the respective sectors, representing the interests of their countries in the matter of international standardization.
- The International Telecommunication Union ( Eng. International Telecommunication Union (ITU) ) - an international intergovernmental organization in the field of telecommunication standardization. The organization brings together more than 500 governmental and non-governmental organizations. It includes telephone, telecommunication and postal ministries, departments and agencies of different countries, as well as organizations supplying equipment for the provision of telecommunications services.
Other international organizations are also involved in standardization activities:
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
- World Health Organization
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
- world Trade organisation
- International Bureau of Weights and Measures
- International Organization of Legal Metrology
- International Civil Aviation Organization
- International Advisory Committee on the Standardization of Space Data Systems , etc.
Interstate Standards
Regional Standard - a standard adopted by a regional organization for standardization. [4] Examples of regional standards are European standards, denoted by the index (prefix) of EN; [5] CIS standards, denoted by the index (prefix) GOST .
Europe
- European Committee for Standardization
- European Electrotechnical Standardization Committee
- European Telecommunication Standards Institute
CIS, EEC
- The Interstate Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification is an interstate organization for standardization for a number of CIS countries . The regulatory document of the CIS countries is an interstate standard .
Mercosur
- is a regional organization for the standardization of the countries of the Caribbean Community .
Arab League
- is a regional standardization organization of the League of Arab States .
National Standards
- National standards organizations - ISO members
Industry Standards
Many scientific and technical societies, organizations and consortia participate in standardization activities (including international). Below is a list of the most well-known organizations involved in standardization in various fields:
- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) is a non-profit organization that develops standards and documents for manufacturing, procurement, and regulatory activities. ASTM standards are accepted for use on a worldwide scale and cover industries such as metallurgy, paints, plastics, textiles, oil, construction, energy, electronics, environmental protection, consumer goods, medical services and apparatus.
- AOAC International (Association of Analytical Communities) - Association of Analytical Communities
- The API (American Petroleum Institute, American Petroleum Institute) is a non-governmental organization in the United States that deals with all aspects of research and provides activities for regulating issues in the oil and gas industry.
- ARINC (Aeronautical Radio Incorporated) - a company founded in 1929, one of the world leaders in the development of communication systems and systems research in five areas - aviation, airports, defense, government and transportation of goods.
- ASME (American Society Of Mechanical Engineers, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, ASME) is a professional non-profit organization focused primarily on engineering and technology training, ASME is one of the world's largest publishers of technical standards
- ATM Forum (ATM forum) is a consortium whose objectives are the development and development of standards for asynchronous data transfer (Asynchronous Transfere Mode, ATM) broadband networks.
- CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) Consumer Electronics Association
- DAVIC (Digital Audio-Visual Council, Council for the Development of Digital Audio and Video Multimedia Systems) is a consortium that has developed and developed architectural, functional and information models and standards for multimedia services of the Global Information Infrastructure.
- The Gigabit Ethernet Alliance is a consortium whose goal is to develop standards for next-generation Ethernet technologies (in conjunction with the IEEE committee with the 802.3z index) that provide data rates of 1 Gbit / s.
- EACEM (European Electronic Instrument Manufacturers Association) - is focused on supporting standardization in the electronic instrument industry.
- ECBS (European Committee for Banking Standards) - responsible for the development of a pan-European standard for banking infrastructure.
- ECMA (European Computer Manufacturers Association, European Computer Manufacturers Association) is an international association whose goal is the industrial standardization of information and communication systems.
- EIA (Electronic Industries Alliance) - Alliance of the electronic industry.
- IASC (International Accounting Standards Committee, Committee for International Financial Reporting Standards):
- Council for International Financial Reporting Standards .
- The ICC (International Code Council) is a non-profit organization whose goal is to develop a unified, integrated and coherent model of national building standards.
- IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) is a professional international organization.
- IPC (Association Connecting Electonics Industries) - The Association for the Development of Electronic Communications.
- ISOC ( Internet Society , Internet Society) - an association of experts responsible for the development of standards for Internet technologies; IAB (Internet Architecture Board, Internet Architecture Board) - a group of ISOC, directly responsible for the development of the Internet architecture, development and maintenance of standards for Internet protocols and services in the form of RFC (Reference For Comments); IAB's two main divisions:
- IETF ( Internet Engineering Task Force , Working Group of Internet Engineers), which solves current problems in the field of standardization and development of Internet technologies.
- IRTF (Internet Research Task Force, Internet Research Group), which solves the problem of the development of Internet technologies.
- NSF International is an international non-governmental non-profit organization that is a world leader in the development of standards and certification in the field of safety and health and environmental protection.
- OASIS ( Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards) is an international consortium that develops e-commerce standards.
- OMG (Object Management Group, Object Management Group) is an international consortium that develops standards for unified distributed software created on the principles of an object-oriented paradigm.
- The Open Group , an organization formed in 1996 as a result of the integration of the X / Open and Open Software Foundation consortia, explores the issues of openness and the seamless introduction of information systems into the Internet.
- SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers International) - Automotive Engineers Community
- TeleManagement Forum - a global consortium of operators and service providers, is developing standards for the management of private networks and services.
- TIA (Telecommunications Industry Associastion) - Industrial Telecommunications Association
- W3C ( World Wide Web Consortium ) is a consortium that specializes in the development and development of standards for WWW technologies, such as, for example, HTTP , HTML , URL , XML .
- WFMC (Workflow Management Coalition - Workflow Management Consortium) is a consortium that develops standards in the area of workflow management.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 GOST 1.1-2002 Interstate Standardization System (MGSS). Terms and Definitions
- ↑ Everything about ISO ]
- ↑ ISO - ISO members
- Federal Law of 27.12.2002, N 184-ФЗ “On Technical Regulation” Art.2
- ↑ Key Players in European Standardization