Oswald Gonçalves Cruz ( port. Oswaldo Gonçalves Cruz ; August 5, 1872 , São Luis do Paraítinga , São Paulo State , Brazilian Empire - February 11, 1917 , Petropolis , Brazil ) - Brazilian scientist, bacteriologist , epidemiologist and hygienist , statesman, Minister of Health of Brazil (since 1903), measures of Petropolis (since 1916). Doctor of Medicine (since 1892). Member of the Brazilian Academy of Literature (1912-1917).
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The researcher who described a number of zoological taxa . The names of these taxa (for attribution) are accompanied by the designation " Cruz " . |
Founder and long-term director of the Institute Osvaldo Cruz ( epidemiological center) in Rio de Janeiro , named after him.
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Biography
As a child, he moved with his family to Rio de Janeiro . At the age of 15, he entered the medical faculty of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro . In 1892 he received the degree of doctor of medicine, having defended his thesis on water as a means of propagation of microbes . Inspired by the works of Louis Pasteur , in 1896 he went to Paris , where he specialized in the field of bacteriology at the Pasteur Institute , in which the leading representatives of this branch of science at that time worked.
In the future, the experience he gained at the Pasteur Institute contributed to successful measures to eradicate yellow fever , bubonic plague , malaria and smallpox, which were widespread in Brazil, especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro .
He initiated the construction of a plant for the production of a serum against diseases in Rio de Janeiro. In the years 1903-1907 proposed methods of dealing with mosquitoes, carriers of infection, and their breeding sites, fumigating homes and isolating patients. Progress has been very slow. Because of the resistance of the population then the scientist failed to introduce widespread vaccination against smallpox. In 1904, even civil unrest arose in the capital of the country and the mandatory vaccination proposed by Cruz was suspended. However, in 1908, a severe smallpox epidemic forced people to massively resort to vaccination. Killed about 9,000 people. O. Cruz was acquitted and his merit in fighting the disease was recognized.
Launched the beginning of experimental medicine and sanitation in Brazil. His prestige among the international scientific community was undeniable. In 1907, on the occasion of the 14th International Congress on Hygiene and Demography in Berlin, Cruz was awarded a gold medal in recognition of the success of sanitation in Rio de Janeiro . In 1909, he resigned as Minister of Health, devoting himself exclusively to the epidemiological institute, later named after him.
He died in 1917 because of renal failure .
His son Walter Cruz , six-time Brazilian chess champion (between 1938 and 1953). over the years).
Memory
- Oswald Gonçalves Cruz has a monument in Rio de Janeiro and a bust in Florianópolis .
- The district in Rio de Janeiro and the street in the 16th arrondissement of Paris are named in his honor.
- His image was placed on 50 Brazilian cruzados (1986).
- Established medal and foundation of his name.
- In the name of O. Cruz the hospital ship of the Brazilian Navy is named.
- Brazil Post has issued a stamp dedicated to the scientist Cruz (1954).
- In honor of his teacher O. Cruz, scientist Karlus Shagas called the species of unicellular organisms from the family of trypanosomatids , which he discovered, Trypanosoma cruzi .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Who Named It?
Links
- Biography (port.)