Acid-base reactions are chemical reactions between acid and base [1] . Accompanied by proton transfer [2] .
In a typical acid-base reaction, one or more H + hydrogen ions are transferred between the particles of the substance. These particles of matter can be either electrically neutral (that is, molecules : water H 2 O, acetic acid CH 3 CO 2 H, etc.), or charged (that is, ions : ammonium NH 4 + , hydroxide ion OH - , carbonate ion CO 3 2β , etc.) [3] .
Moreover, in a more general case, molecules and ions that have an acidic character but do not emit hydrogen ions (such as aluminum chloride AlCl 3 , silver ion AG + ) can participate in the acid-base reaction [3] .
Theoretical Foundations
The idea of ββdividing substances into acids and bases is almost as old as chemistry. The terms acid , base and salt are found in the writings of medieval alchemists [3] .
The first attempt to bring the theory to the behavior of acids was made at the end of the 17th century by Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier [3] .
Currently, there are several independent theories according to which chemicals are divided into acids and bases: Arrhenius theory, Bronsted β Lowry theory, Lewis theory (which was later developed by Pearson) and Usanovich theory [4] .
Accordingly, acid-base reactions can also be considered from the standpoint of different theories.
So, according to the theory of Arrhenius, they are neutralization reactions [5] . The most convenient for chemists is the Bronsted β Lowry protolithic theory [4] , according to which these reactions are a struggle for a proton [5] .
See also
- Redox reactions
Notes
- β Introductory Chemistry . - Houghton Mifflin, 1 January 1995. - ISBN 978-0-395-46625-4 .
- β S. T. Zhukov. Chemistry. Grades 8β9. Chapter 9. Chemical reactions .
- β 1 2 3 4 acid-base reaction . Britannica .com .
- β 1 2 Ionic equilibria in chemistry. Theme 2. Acid-base (protolytic) equilibrium . Institute of distance education TSU. Date of treatment March 29, 2019.
- β 1 2 Chemistry for Dummies . - Publisher Dialectics. - P. 182β. - ISBN 978-5-8459-1079-0 .