The warlike batizaur [1] ( Latin: Bathysaurus ferox ) is a species of ray-finned fish of the bathysauridae family (Bathysauridae). Sea bottom fish live at great depths. Distributed in temperate and tropical waters of all oceans. Hermaphrodite . One of the deepest oceans of the oceans. The maximum body length is 64 cm.
| Warlike Batisaur |
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| Scientific classification |
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| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Family: | Bathysaurids ( Bathysauridae CC Baldwin & GD Johnno, 1996 ) |
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| International scientific name |
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Bathysaurus ferox GΓΌnther , 1878 |
| Synonyms |
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- Bathysaurus agassizii
Goode & Bean, 1883 - Macristium chavesi Regan, 1903
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| Security status |
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Least ConcernedIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 13462491 |
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Content
The elongated body of a cylindrical shape is covered with large scales , the scales are enlarged in the lateral line . The head is strongly compressed in the dorsoventral direction. The end of the upper jaw extends far beyond the vertical passing through the posterior edge of the eye. The lower jaw protrudes slightly. On both jaws there are numerous multi-row sharp needle-shaped teeth, bent back. There are teeth on the opener . The eyes are small with a very large pupil. Gill stamens reduced to small tufts of spines on gill arches. The dorsal fin with 17-19 soft rays is located in the middle part of the body at the level of the vertical, passing behind the bases of the ventral fins, its length is approximately equal to the length of the head. In the anal fin 11-15 soft rays. There are 13-17 soft rays in the pectoral fins, the central rays are elongated; and in the ventral fins 8 soft rays. The caudal fin is bifurcated. In the lateral line 67β71 scales, it comes to the base of the caudal fin. Adipose fin absent [2] [3] [4] [5] .
The warlike batisaur has a very large liver rich in lipids, its mass is 20% of the total body weight [3] .
The general body color is from grayish to brown or blackish, the belly is slightly darker than the rest of the body, the edges of the scales are black. The fins are darker than the body, the pectoral and ventral fins are almost black. The eyes, the inside of the mouth and the gill cavity are black [5] .
The maximum body length is 64 cm [2] , according to other sources - 70 cm [5] .
Deep sea fish. They live at a depth of 600 to 3000 m, usually at depths of 1000β2580 m.
They feed mainly on fish, as well as bottom and bathipelagic crustaceans. Usually they lie motionless at the bottom with their heads slightly raised. A sharp throw grabs any approaching prey [5] .
The warlike batisaur is a synchronous hermaphrodite, i.e. each individual has simultaneously functional female and male reproductive tissues. The average fecundity is 32,000 eggs. Caviar, larvae and pelagic postlarvae. Larval development proceeds slowly and lasts a long period of time. At this time, the larvae lead a planktonic life within a few hundred meters from the surface of the water. Then there is a rapid transformation to the fry stage and the transition to a near-bottom lifestyle [6] . The appearance of larvae differs significantly from that of adults. In 1903, the British ichthyologist Charles Regan described the post-larva of a warlike batisaur and gave the Latin name Macristium chavesi and belonged to the Scopelidae family [7] . Only in 1974 was the synonymity of the genus Macristium with Bathysaurus [8] .
Widely distributed in temperate, subtropical and tropical waters of all oceans. Eastern Atlantic Ocean : from Iceland and the British Isles to Namibia and South Africa ; western part of the Atlantic Ocean: from the Strait of Davis to Brazil ; Southwestern Pacific : New Zealand and Australia ; southeastern Pacific: along the coast of Chile and Peru ; Indian Ocean [2] [9] .
- β Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- P. 88 .-- 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- β 1 2 3 Bathysaurus ferox in the FishBase database. (Retrieved March 18, 2019)
- β 1 2 Sulak KJ, Wenner CA, Sedberry GR, and Van Guelpen L. The life history and systematics of deep-sea lizard fishes, genus Bathysaurus (Synodontidae) // Can. J. Zool .. - 1985. - Vol. 63, No. 3 . - P. 623-642. - DOI : 10.1139 / z85-091 .
- β BC Russell. BATHYSAURIDAE Deepsea lizard fishes // FAO species identification guide for fishery purposes. The living marine resources of the Western Central Pacific. Volume 3. Batoid fishes, chimaeras and bony fishes part 1 (Elopidae to Linophrynidae) / Carpenter, KE; Niem, VH (eds). - Rome: FAO, 1999 .-- P. 1946-1947. - 1397-2068 p. - ISBN 92-5-104587-9 .
- β 1 2 3 4 Dianne J. Bray. Bathysaurus ferox (neopr.) . Fishes of Australia . (Retrieved March 18, 2019)
- β Kenneth J. Sulak, Charles A. Wenner, George R. Sedberry, and Louis Van Guelpen. The life history and systematics of deep-sea lizard fishes, genus Bathysaurus (Synodontidae) // Can. J. Zool .. - 1985. - Vol. 63, No. 3 . - P. 623-642. - DOI : 10.1139 / z85-091 .
- β Regan, CT On a collection of fishes from the Azoreslink = // Annals and Magazine of Natural History. - 1903. - Vol. 12 (ser. 7), No. 69 . - P. 344β348.
- β Johnson, Robert Karl. A Macristium larva from the Gulf of Mexico with additional evidence for the synonymy of Macristium with Bathysaurus (Myctophiformes: Bathysauridae) // Copeia. - 1974. - Vol. 1974, No. 4 . - P. 973-977. - DOI : 10.2307 / 1442599 .
- β Bathysaurus ferox . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . (Retrieved March 18, 2019)
- A species of Bathysaurus ferox (English) in the World Register of Marine Species . (Retrieved March 18, 2019)
- Bathysaurus ferox . Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Marine Species Identification Portal . Date of treatment March 17, 2019.
