Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Lukhmanova (nee Baykova ; December 2 [ December 14 ] 1844 , St. Petersburg , Russian Empire - March 25 [ April 7 ] 1907 , Yalta , Russian Empire) - Russian writer , author of novels, journalistic articles, plays, translations. The mother of a sea captain and writer D. A. Lukhmanov and a military leader and writer B. V. Adamovich .
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Content
Biography
Nadezhda Baykova was born in St. Petersburg in the family of a hereditary nobleman , director and economist of the Pavlovsky Cadet Corps and the Pavlovsky Women's Institute A.F. Baykov [1] [2] and Baroness ND Filitser-Frank [2] . Nadezhda had three brothers: Andrew, Fedor and Hippolytus [2] .
In 1853-1861, she studied at the Pavlovsk Institute [1] , where she received the nickname Bayard and Don Quixote [3] . After graduation, she married retired lieutenant colonel A. D. Lukhmanov [1] . Since 1870, she lived in a civil marriage with Major General V. M. Adamovich [1] . Adamovich and Lukhmanova had a son Dmitry , the future sea captain and writer, who, until adulthood, bore the name Adamovich [4] [5] . In addition to Dmitry, sons Boris , a future military leader and writer, and Alexander (died in infancy), as well as daughter Maria [6] [7] were born in a civil marriage. The first publication of Lukhmanova was fairy tales for children, published under the pseudonym Atin in the collection "Children's Stories" of 1874 [1] . Under the surname of Luhmanov, it was first published in 1880 (the story "Priyumysh" in the journal " Family and School ") [1] .
In the early 1880s, Lukhmanova married engineer A. F. Kolmogorov and lived with him in Tyumen for several years [1] . After a divorce from Kolmogorov, she returned to St. Petersburg and began reading literature: she was published in the newspapers Worldwide Illustration , Petersburg Life , Petersburg newspaper , Birzhevye Vedomosti , Novoye Vremya , and in the magazine Russian Wealth [1] .
Lukhmanova gained fame thanks to the novel "Twenty Years Ago (From Institutional Life)" [1] . The novel was published in the magazine "Russian Wealth" in 1893, the book edition was published in 1894, in 1896 the novel was published under the name "Girls. Memoirs from Institutional Life ” [1] .
"Essays from life in Siberia" depicting the life of Tyumen, which were published in the journal "Russian Wealth", then in the newspaper "New Time", and published as a book in 1896, became the "most significant fiction" of the writer [4] .
Other works of Lukhmanova were the novel “In a fit of passion” (1897), the collection “Short stories about grief and human happiness” (1898) [4] . Lukhmanova translated into Russian about twenty plays by French authors [4] . The most famous of her original plays was the comedy Siberian Rigoletto (1900) [4] .
In 1899-1900, Lukhmanova edited the journal Vozrozhdenie [4] . In this magazine, in 1899-1900, she published her novel “The Institute” about the life of the heroine “Girls” after the institute (a book edition was published in 1904) [1] .
When the Russo-Japanese War broke out , Lukhmanova went to the Far East as a sister of mercy and correspondent for the newspapers Petersburg Life and the Southern Region [4] . After returning, she went on vacation to the Crimea , where she died [4] .
Creativity
Critics such as N.K. Mikhailovsky , P.F. Yakubovich , A.L. Volynsky , V.V. Rozanov [8] expressed both positive and negative opinions about the artistic and journalistic works of Nadezhda Lukhmanova.
The novel “Twenty Years Ago” (“Girls”) paints a reliable picture of the life of a closed educational institution [9] . “Essays from life in Siberia” reflected “many typical features of the life of Siberian cities in the second half of the 19th century” [10] . The satirical image of the merchant Artamon Krutorogov depicts the merchant F. S. Kolmogorov , father-in-law Lukhmanova [11] [12] .
In journalism, Lukhmanova dealt with relations between men and women [4] , defended the right of women to education and the right to participate in elections [13] .
The works of Nadezhda Lukhmanova are studied by Tyumen philologists L. G. and Yu. M. Bespalov, E. N. Ertner, Moscow philologist T. V. Levitskaya. The descendant of the Lukhmanova, a Moscow civil engineer A.G. Kolmogorov, writes about the history of the Lukhmanovs-Kolmogorovs-Adamovichs.
Compositions
- Luhmanova N. A. Essays on life in Siberia: selected works / Comp. volumes by Yu. L. Mandriki. - Tyumen: Softdesign, 1997 .-- 464 p. - (Invisible times).
- Lukhmanova N.A. Hunter for white game // Female Drama of the Silver Age / Comp. M. Mikhailova. - SPb. : Hyperion, 2009 .-- S. 501-514. - 566 p.
- Lukhmanova N.A. Institutki. - M .: Enas-book, 2010 .-- 223 p. - (Maiden fate).
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Sudareva et al., 1994 , p. 417.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Kolmogorov, 2000 , p. 94.
- ↑ Kolmogorov, 2000 , p. 96.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Sudareva et al., 1994 , p. 418.
- ↑ Kolmogorov, 2000 , p. 87.
- ↑ Sudareva et al., 1994 , p. 419.
- ↑ Kolmogorov, 2000 , p. 87, 89.
- ↑ Sudareva et al., 1994 , p. 417-418.
- ↑ Bespalova, Bespalova, 1998 , p. 141-142.
- ↑ Bespalova, Bespalova, 1998 , p. 153.
- ↑ Bespalova, Bespalova, 1998 , p. 146-147.
- ↑ Kolmogorov, 2000 , p. 99.
- ↑ Bespalova, Bespalova, 1998 , p. 144.
Literature
- Bespalova L. G., Bespalova Yu. M. N. A. Lukhmanova, her essay on the novel "In the Dead" // Tyumen Territory and writers of the 17th — 19th centuries - Yekaterinburg: Middle Ural Book Publishing House, 1998. - P. 141-154. - 467 p.
- Kolmogorov A. G. I got it: Family chronicles of Nadezhda Luhmanova. - M .: Agraf, 2013 .-- 460 p.
- Kolmogorov A.G. Nadezhda Lukhmanova: Essays // Lukich. - 2000. - June ( No. 3 ). - S. 86-113 .
- Levitskaya T.V. War through the eyes of a woman. Artistic and journalistic works of N. A. Lukhmanova during the Russo-Japanese War // Mladá rusistika - nové tendencie a trendy V. - Bratislava: Stimul, 2018 .-- P. 21-28 .
- Levitskaya T.V. Russian-Japanese War through the eyes of a Russian writer (diary and journalism N.A. Lukhmanova) // Bulletin of the RSU named after S.A. Yesenin. - 2018. - No. 2 . - S. 167-173 .
- Levitskaya T.V. Siberia in the works of N. A. Lukhmanova // Siberia in a changing world. History and modernity. - Irkutsk: Impression, 2018 .-- S. 175-182 .
- Levitskaya T. V. Fairy-tale and parable motifs in the work of N. A. Lukhmanova during the Russo-Japanese War // Litera. - 2018. - No. 3 . - S. 184-193 .
- Levitskaya T.V., Mikhailova M.V. Publicistic and lecture activity N.A. Lukhmanova at the beginning of the twentieth century // Questions of Philology. - 2017. - No. 3 . - S. 81–87 .
- Lukhmanova, Nadezhda Aleksandrovna // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Pershina A. I. Mythopoetics of the Siberian house in the novel by N. A. Lukhmanova “In the Dead Ends” // The potential of modern science. - 2014. - No. 7 . - S. 99-103 .
- Sudareva E.P., Podmarkova M.V., Guchkov S.M., Trambitsky Yu.A. Lukhmanova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna // Russian writers. 1800-1917: Biographical Dictionary / Ch. ed. P.A. Nikolaev. - M .: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1994. - T. 3. - S. 417-419. - 592 p.
- Ertner E. N. “In the Dead Ends ” by N. A. Lukhmanova and “Bread” by D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak // Seventh Birikov Readings dedicated to the 250th anniversary of Chelyabinsk: thesis. doc. - Chelyabinsk, 1987 .-- S. 99-101 .
- Ertner E. N. Genre poetics of the novel by N. A. Lukhmanova “In the dead of places” // Bulletin of the Tyumen State University. Humanitarian research. - 2015. - T. 1 , No. 3 . - S. 41-49 .
- Ertner E.N. Essay principles of the novel by N. Lukhmanova “In the Deaf Places” // Problems of Philology of Western Siberia and the Urals: thesis. doc. interuniversity. conf. (Oct. 2-4, 1986). - Tyumen, 1986. - S. 144-146 .
Links
- Lukhmanova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna . The electronic library of the Tyumen writer . Date of treatment March 14, 2019.