Mongush Shokar-Chuldum oglu Lopsan-Chimit [1] (1888 - December 31, 1940) - Tuva lama and linguist. Created a script for the Tuvan language based on the German alphabet. He was shot in 1940.
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Biography
Born in 1888 in the village of Ak-Alash, part of the Baryn-Khemchik kozhuun. He studied at monasteries (huree) in Mongolia and Tibet. During his studies, he received the academic title of keshpi, an approximate analogue of which is the candidate of sciences [1] . He studied astronomy, mathematics and geography. He was fluent in English, Tibetan, Russian, German, Chinese, French, Italian and Mongolian [1] .
After the decision was made in 1927 to create an alphabet for the Tuvan language based on the Latin script, Mongush Lopsan-Chimit in 1928 developed the Tuvan script based on the German language. In February 1929, the alphabet was approved at a meeting of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the TNRP, and its introduction began. Despite criticism from individual Soviet linguists (including A. A. Palmbach [2] ), the decision to approve the Lopsan-Cimit alphabet seemed final, for example, Austrian explorer Otto Menchen-Helfen, who visited Tuva in the summer of 1929, was practically I am sure that the Lopsan-Chimita alphabet has already been adopted [1] [3] [4] .
However, a resolution was soon adopted "to combat feudalism and the elimination of feudal lords as a class", followed by the decision to reject the Lopsan-Chimita alphabet, since "it is politically impractical to involve llamas in the development of the alphabet." As a result, Lopsan-Chimit in 1930 was unable to participate in the Academic Council of the University of Leningrad, where he was invited [1] [3] .
In recent years, he lived in Upper Khuree on the territory of Chadan . Shot on December 31, 1940 [5] . Rehabilitated in 1965.
He wrote two books, the first book was written in Mongolian, consisted of 4 chapters, two of which (3 and 4) were not preserved. The second, “The letter (sound) of the root word of the Tuvan arat,” is devoted to the history of writing, as well as how writing was created for the Tuvan language, and why Russian and Mongolian alphabets are not suitable for it [1] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mongush Shokar-Chuldum oglu Lopsan-Chimit
- ↑ I.V. Otroshchenko. Language policy and cultural construction in the Tuva People’s Republic // New studies of Tuva. - 2015. - No. 2.
- ↑ 1 2 Is Lopsan Chimit a monument worthy of?
- ↑ Who is who
- ↑ MONGUSH KENIN-LOPSAN: I AM REALLY A MAN OF THE XX CENTURY