Charles Robert Richet ( fr. Charles Robert Richet ; August 26, 1850 , Paris - December 4, 1935 , Paris ) is a French physiologist , a pioneer in many fields of research such as neurochemistry , digestion , thermoregulation in homeothermic animals and breathing . Winner of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1913 .
| Charles Robert Richet | |
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| fr. Charles Robert Richet | |
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| Scientific field | and |
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| supervisor | Charles-Philippe Robin |
| Known as | anaphylaxis researcher |
| Awards and prizes |  Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine ( 1913 ) |
Richet was a freemason and was a member of the Cosmos Masonic Lodge [6] .
Content
Biography
Born on August 25, 1850 in Paris, in the family of Alfred and Eugène (Ruire) Richet, professor of clinical surgery at the medical faculty of the University of Paris. After graduating from a regular national and high school, Charles decided to follow in his father's footsteps and do medicine. He joined the University of Paris.
In 1877, Charles Richet received a medical diploma and married Amelia Obbri, they had two daughters and two sons (one of them also became a professor of medicine at the University of Paris, and his grandson followed in the footsteps of Richet).
In 1878, he defended his doctoral dissertation, where he first proved the presence of hydrochloric acid in the secret of the stomach of mammals, birds and invertebrates. In addition, he determined that during digestion, a form of lactic acid forms in the stomach. In the same year, he became a professor at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Paris, where he studied various types of muscle contractions.
In 1883, Charles Richet investigated the mechanisms of maintaining a constant temperature of the internal environment of homeothermic animals.
In 1888, he studies the blood properties of infected animals. Richet, working with J. Yerikur, decided to use serum therapy as a remedy. For 10 years, they tried unsuccessfully to develop serum therapy for the treatment of tuberculosis. At this time, Charles Richet was involved in various studies that were not related to physiology (in particular, he tried unsuccessfully to build an airplane).
In 1901, he got the opportunity to improve his knowledge of toxicology, participating in a scientific expedition to the Mediterranean Sea with Prince Alberta of Monaco, exploring the poisonous tentacles of a Portuguese boat. Upon returning to France, he conducts comparative studies of sea anemone venom and discovers the phenomenon of anaphylaxis - an allergic reaction to extraneous proteins.
In 1911, Charles Richet summarized his work in the monograph Anaphylaxis. Developed specific diagnostic tests to detect hypersensitivity reactions.
In 1913, Charles Richet was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis." During World War I, Richet studied the complication of blood transfusion processes.
In 1923, translated into English, his book “Thirty Years of the Study of the Psyche” was published, in which he described his experiments in this field.
Charles Richet died in Paris on December 4, 1935.
Works
- Recherches expérimentales et cliniques sur la sensibilité , Paris, Masson, 1877.
- Structure et physiologie des circonvolutions cérébrales , Paris, Germer Baillière, 1878.
- Leçons sur la physiologie générale des muscles, des nerfs et des centers nerveux , Paris, Germer Baillière, 1882.
- L'homme et l'intelligence. Fragments de psychologie et de physiologie , Paris, Félix Alcan, 1887.
- Essai de psychologie générale , Paris, Alcan, 1888.
- Dans cent ans , P. Ollendorff, 1892.
- Les guerres et la paix , Paris, Schleicher Freres, 1899 [7] .
- Exposé des travaux scientifiques de M. Charles Richet , Paris, Chameroy et Renouard, 1901.
- L'Anaphylaxie , Paris, Baillière, 1911.
- La Sélection humaine , Paris, Félix Alcan, 1913
- L'homme stupide , Paris, Ernest Flammarion, 1919.
- Traité de Métapsychique , Paris, Alcan, 1922.
- Dictionnaire de Physiologie 2e Fascicule , 209-576, Paris, Alcan, 1923.
- L'intelligence et l'homme. Études de psychologie et de physiologie , Paris, Félix Alcan, 1927.
- Notre sixième sens , Paris, Montaigne, 1928.
- La grande espérance , Paris, Montaigne, 1933.
Russian translations
- Somnambulism, demonism and poisons of intelligence . - SPb. : Publ. A.S. Suvorin, 1885 .-- 484, II p.
Bibliography
- Frédéric Carbonel, Au-delà de Paris et Nancy, "l'École de Charles Richet" selon Pierre Janet in Janetian Studies, mai 2008, vol. five.
- Roger Henri. Notice nécrologique. Cahiers de l'Union Rationaliste , 1936, 290-293.
- Pierrette Estingoy, Charles Richet et la découverte de l'anaphylaxie. Histoire d'un prix Nobel de médecine, Thèse de médecine, Université Claude Bernard, Lyon I, 1996.
- Pierrette Estingoy, 1999, Race, peuple et évolution dans l'œuvre de C. Richet (1850-1935), in Kail M., Vermès G., (eds.), La psychologie des peuples et ses dérives, Paris, CNDP, 109-122.
- Pierrette Estingoy, De l'esprit créatif chez le chercheur. Regard transversal sur l'œuvre de Charles Richet, Hist Sci Med. 2003 Oct-Dec; 37 (4): 489-99.
- Henri Piéron, Nécrologie. Charles Richet (1850-1935). L'année psychologique , 1935, 36, 789.
- Pascal Le Maléfan, “Richet chasseur de fantômes: l'épisode de la Villa Carmen” in Des savants face à l'occulte (1870-1940) (Dir. Bernadette Bensaude-Vincent et Ch. Blondel), Paris, La Découverte, 2002 p.152-157. et p. 173-200.
- Gabriel Richet, Pierrette Estingoy, Charles Richet et son temps; courrier du prix Nobel, Hist Sci Med. ; 2003, vol. 37 (4): 501-13.
Notes
- ↑ http://www.armb.be/index.php?id=1011
- ↑ BNF ID : 2011 Open Data Platform .
- ↑ 1 2 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 3 Richet Charles // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 vol.] / Ed. A. M. Prokhorov - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1969.
- ↑ Who Named It?
- ↑ Moramarko M. Freemasonry in the past and present. MASON BIOGRAPHIES - Digital Library of the History of Freemasonry
- ↑ Gallica
Links
- Biography of Charles Richet on the Nobel Committee website
- Biography of Charles Richet on the site of the electronic library "Science and Technology"
- Profile of Robert-Charles Richet on the RAS official website
- S. Richet “War and Peace” (inaccessible link) - about international arbitration courts.
- Notice biographique et bibliographique
- Dictionnaire de physiologie (1895-1928)
- Eugène Osty: Charles Richet (1850-1935 )
- L'homme stupide en ligne
- La selection humaine en ligne sur gallica
- Dans cent ans - La revue scientifique, décembre 1891, janvier et mars 1892
- Dictionnaire biographique des médecins remarquables du XIXe siècle (traduit de l'allemand)