The blockade is a strategic method in chess , consisting in placing the pieces on the field immediately in front of the opponent’s pawn (pawn chain) [1] . The blocking piece stops the movement of such a pawn and at the same time is protected by this pawn from the attack of the opponent’s heavy pieces vertically, on which it is located [2] .
It is believed that the role of blockers is best suited by light pieces - a horse, since the position in front of the pawn allows you to fire at fields adjacent to the blocked pawn, or an elephant that can inhibit the movement of an entire pawn chain [1] . Blockade is an effective way to deal with a passed pawn . The blockade, in particular the blockade of several pawns, can lead to long-term positional consequences - cramped positions and difficulties in maneuvering on the blocked side [3] .
Although the reception of the blockade was described by Francois Filidor [4] , the full-fledged teaching on the blockade was developed by Aron Nimzowicz , the author of the books “Blockade” (1925, German Die Blockade ) and “My system in practice” (1929, German Die Praxis meines Systems ) Nimtsovich wrote: “Any pawn that has at least the slightest hint of advancement, any passed pawn, any piece of the center, any quantitative or qualitative superiority — that is! <...> The culmination point, the ideal of all braking, is and will be - a blockade! ” [5]
Also, a blockade is a type of positional draw , in which, due to the restriction of the mobility of a piece (s), a party that has a material advantage cannot win [1] .
Content
Example
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
| eight | eight | ||||||||
| 7 | 7 | ||||||||
| 6 | 6 | ||||||||
| five | five | ||||||||
| four | four | ||||||||
| 3 | 3 | ||||||||
| 2 | 2 | ||||||||
| one | one | ||||||||
| a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | ||
The position from the game A. Kotov - S. Gligorich ( Challenger Tournament , Zurich, 1953) after the 23rd move of blacks. The black queen and knight block the white pawns e4 and f3, limiting the mobility of white pieces (white-squared bishop, knight and queen) [1] . Despite the fact that Black lacks two pawns, the game ended in a draw.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Chess: Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.E. Karpov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia , 1990 .-- 624 p. - 100,000 copies. - ISBN 5-85270-005-3 .
- ↑ Nimtsovich, 1984 , p. 15-16.
- ↑ Nimtsovich, 1984 , p. 17.
- ↑ Hooper, D., Whyld, K. The Oxford Companion to Chess. - 1st. - Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press , 1984. - P. 38-39. - 407 p. - ISBN 0-19-217540-8 .
- ↑ Nimtsovich, 1984 , p. 26.
Literature
- Nimtsovich, A.I. My system: Chess blockade. My system. My system is in practice. - M .: Physical education and sport, 1984. - 576 p.
- Sveshnikov E. Classical blockade. // "64 - Chess Review." - 1999. - No. 7. - S. 40-43.
Links
- Cats - Gligoric Party in the database