UN Standard M.49 ( eng. UN M.49 ) is a standard for region codes used by the UN for statistical purposes, developed and maintained by the UN Statistics Division . Each region code is a three-digit number, which can mean different geographical, political, or economic regions, such as a continent , country, or a specific group of developed or developing countries . Assigned codes, as a rule, do not change when changing the name of a country or region (unlike ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 or ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 ), but change when a significant change in the territory of a country or region [1] , although they were and exceptions to this rule. Pakistan , for example, retains the code that was assigned to it in the original 1970 edition of M.49, although Bangladesh separated from Pakistan in 1971 and did not officially receive the code until 1975, when the new version of M.49 was released [2] .
Some of these codes, which represent countries and territories, were first included in the ISO 3166-1 standard in 1981, but were actually used by the UN Statistics Division since 1970 [3] .
Another part of these numerical codes representing geographic (continental and subcontinental) supranational regions was also included in the IANA registry for regional subtags (first described in September 2006 in the now obsolete RFC 4646 , confirmed in its successor RFC 5646 , published in September 2009 ) to use language codes as specified in (where ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 codes are used as subtags of regions instead of M.49 codes for countries and territories).
Content
- 1 Code Lists
- 2 Reserve codes
- 3 Extension M.49
- 4 Obsolete and unused codes
- 5 See also
- 6 notes
- 7 Literature
- 8 References
Code Lists
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Reserve Codes
In addition to the above codes, numerical codes from 900 to 999 are reserved for private use in the ISO 3166-1 standard, as agreed with UNSD and in the UN standard M.49. They can be used for any other groupings or divisions of countries, territories and regions.
Some of these codes can be found in UN statistical reports and databases created for specific purposes. They cannot be transferred to the databases of third parties (except under a separate agreement) and are subject to change without notice.
The code 000 is reserved and is not used to determine any region, but only in case of lack of data or use of data to which the encoding of any region is not applicable. For unknown or unencoded regions, it is preferable to use private code variants.
Extension M.49
Early editions of the M.49 standard used single- or double-digit prefixes instead of three-digit codes to indicate economic regions. These two-digit prefixes were designed so that they could be easily aggregated by matching prefixes, and regions could be specified together using code 000 as the basis to which the prefix will be added [12] . For example, adding the prefix 13 to the Algeria 012 code resulted in a five-digit Algeria code 13012, which could be identified as located in North Africa (code 13000), which, in turn, was located in Africa (code 10000).
Unambiguous prefixes were also allowed to indicate statistics of constituent parts of countries [12] . For example, adding 5 to the UK code resulted in a four-digit code 8265 for Scotland as part of the UK.
Outdated and Unused Codes
| Old code | Former name of the region | New code |
|---|---|---|
| 128 | Canton and Enderbury [a] | 296 |
| 200 | Czechoslovakia [b] | 203, 703 |
| 720 | People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [c] | 887 |
| 230 | Ethiopia | 231, 232 |
| 280 | Federal Republic of Germany [d] | 276 |
| 274 | Gaza Strip | 275 |
| 278 | German Democratic Republic [d] | 276 |
| 396 | Johnston [e] | 581 |
| 488 | Midway [e] | 581 |
| 530 | Netherlands Antilles [f] | 531, 534, 535 |
| 532 | Netherlands Antilles [g] | 530, 533 |
| 582 | Trust Territory Pacific Islands [h] | 580, 583, 584, 585 |
| 891 | Serbia and Montenegro [i] | 499, 688 |
| 890 | Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia [j] | 070, 191, 705, 807, 891 [i] |
| 062 | South central asia | 034, 143 |
| 736 | Sudan [k] | 728, 729 |
| 810 | Union of Soviet Socialist Republics [l] | 031, 051, 112, 233, 268, 398, 417, 428, 440, 498, 762, 795, 804, 860 |
| 849 | Miscellaneous US Pacific Islands [e] | 581 |
| 872 | Wake [e] | 581 |
| 886 | Yemen [c] | 887 |
See also
- ISO 3166-1 numeric
- Macro-regions of the world (UN)
Notes
- ↑ United Nations, 1996 , p. 2.
- ↑ United Nations, 1975 , p. one.
- ↑ United Nations, 1970 .
- ↑ Archived copy . Date of treatment April 17, 2012. Archived November 11, 2011.
- ↑ Channel Islands are no longer a political entity, but their code has been stored in the M.49 standard for statistical use. This territory has never been encoded in ISO 3166-1, unlike other geopolitical territories, but the Jersey and Guernsey islands have their own code in ISO 3166-1.
- ↑ In developed regions, Europe is sometimes defined, with the exception of countries with economies in transition, code 778
- ↑ In international trade statistics, the South African Customs Union is also seen as a developed region, and Israel as a developed country in West Asia.
- ↑ In some cases, this group uses code 019, which is set for all countries in America, instead of using code 419, which is assigned to Latin America and the Caribbean.
- ↑ In some documents, countries with economies in transition may be part of developing countries or are most often classified separately from developed and developing countries.
- ↑ This group of countries with economies in transition in Southeast Europe is not encoded in the M.49 standard, but currently includes Albania and the countries of the former Yugoslavia (with the exception of Slovenia, which is currently considered a developed country), for statistical use only.
- ↑ The definition of developing countries is not standardized, but generally excludes countries with economies in transition.
- ↑ 1 2 United Nations Statistical Office, 1970 , p. four.
Literature
- Jensen, OM; Parkin, DM & Mac Lennan, R. et al., Eds. (1991), Appendix 1. United Nations Standard Country Codes , vol. No. 95, IARC Scientific Publication, International Agency for Research on Cancer, p. 208–211 , < http://www.iarc.fr/en/publications/pdfs-online/epi/sp95/sp95-app1.pdf > . Retrieved February 17, 2012. Archived July 20, 2011 on Wayback Machine
- United Nations, Statistics Division (January 1970), United Nations Standard Country Code , vol. No. 49, Series M: Miscellaneous Statistical Papers, New York: United Nations, ST / ESA / STAT / SER.M / 49
Links
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