Sea awl [1] [2] , or serpentine sea needle [3] ( lat. Nerophis ophidion ), is a species of marine ray-finned fish of the needle family (Syngnathidae). Distributed in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean , including the Baltic , Mediterranean and Black Seas.
| Sea awl |
 |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
| No rank : | Bilateral symmetrical |
| Gender: | Serpentine Sea Needles |
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| International scientific name |
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Nerophis ophidion ( Linnaeus , 1758 ) |
| Synonyms |
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- Schyphius littoralis Risso , 1827
- Scyphicus teres Rathke , 1837
- Scyphius violaceus Risso, 1827
- Syngnathus ophidion Linnaeus, 1758
- Nerophis teres (Rathke, 1837)
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| Security status |
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Least ConcernedIUCN 3.1 Least Concern : 198764 |
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Content
The body is long, thin, rounded in cross section; covered with bone shields that form rings. The upper crests of the trunk pass into the upper crests of the caudal region. There are 28–33 rings in the trunk, and 60–82 in the caudal rings. The snout is elongated in the form of a tube, with a straight upper profile and a longitudinal crest. At the end of the snout is a small toothless mouth. The dorsal fin with 32–44 soft rays is shifted far to the caudal region. The ventral, anal and caudal fins are absent. Juveniles have pectoral fins, which disappear in fish longer than 10 cm [2] [4] [5] .
The back is yellowish-gray or greenish-brown, the sides of the body are light green in color, sometimes with brown spots. In the spawning period, females on the lower half of the body appear blue stripes and spots [2] [4] .
The maximum body length is 30 cm. Females are slightly larger than males [2] [6] .
Sea fish live in coastal waters at a depth of 2-15 m among brown algae (representatives of the genera Fucus , kelp ) and in the meadows of sea grasses (for example, seaside ). In some areas, grass thickets of the cymodocea family ( Cymodocea nodosa ) are preferred. Water with low salinity is transported (for example, in the Gulf of Finland). Sometimes they enter the estuaries [2] [7] [8] .
Nutrition
They feed on small crustaceans. Since the marine awl has a rather short snout, representatives of this type of needle are inactive and prefer to eat under the canopy of vegetation. The diet consists mainly of amphipods (genus Ericthonius ) and harpacticoids (genera Tisbe and Porcellidium ) [9] .
Reproduction
The spawning period is long, usually lasts from May to August, and in the Adriatic Sea stretches from April to October [10] . Females lay eggs in the brood chamber of the male. The brood chamber at the sea sew is open, without skin folds. Caviar is attached directly to the male’s abdomen at the level of 17-20 trunk rings. Each male carries eggs from only one female. Each female can lay eggs on the belly of several males. Caviar glued to the belly in two rows. Each male carries 120–150 eggs with a diameter of 1.0–1.4 mm [2] [4] [11] .
Distributed in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean from southern Norway and the British Isles to northern Morocco , with the exception of coastal waters of Denmark and the Netherlands . Common in the Baltic Sea (including the Gulf of Finland ), the Mediterranean, Black and Azov Seas.
- ↑ Parin N.V., Evseenko S.L., Vasilieva E. D. Fishes of the seas of Russia: annotated catalog. - Collection of works of the Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. - M .: Partnership of scientific publications of KMK, 2014. - V. 53. - P. 208. - 733 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 978-5-87317-967-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vasilieva E. D. Fish of the Black Sea. Key to marine, brackish-water, euryhaline and migratory species with color illustrations collected by S. V. Bogorodsky. - M .: VNIRO, 2007 .-- S. 73-74. - 238 p. - 200 copies. - ISBN 978-5-85382-347-1 .
- ↑ Reshetnikov Yu.S. , Kotlyar A.N. , Russ T.S. , Shatunovsky M.I. The Bilingual Dictionary of Animal Names. Fish. Latin, Russian, English, German, French. / edited by Acad. V. E. Sokolova . - M .: Rus. Yaz., 1989 .-- S. 229. - 12,500 copies. - ISBN 5-200-00237-0 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean .
- ↑ Fritzsche, 2016 , p. 2232, 2238.
- ↑ Nerophis ophidion in the FishBase database.
- ↑ Malavasi, S., Franco, A., Riccato, F., Valerio, C., Torricelli, P., Franzoi, P. Habitat selection and spatial segregation in three pipefish species // Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science. - 2007. - Vol. 75, No. 1-2 . - P. 143-150. - DOI : 10.1016 / j.ecss.2007.02.02.022 .
- ↑ Nerophis ophidion . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species .
- ↑ Franzoi, P., Riccato, F., Franco, A. and Torricelli, P. 2004. Dietary differences in three pipefish species (Osteightyes, Syngnathidae) related to snout morphology // Biologia Marina Mediterranea. - 2004. - Vol. 11, No. 2 . - P. 592-594.
- ↑ Riccato, F., Fiorin, R., Franco, A., Franzoi, P., Libertini, A., Pranovi, F. and Torricelli, P. Population structure and reproduction of three pipefish species (Pisces, Syngnathidae) in a sea grass meadow of the Venice Lagoon // Biologia Marina Mediterannea. - Vol. 10, No. 2 . - P. 138-145.
- ↑ McCoy, EE, AG Jones and JC Avise. The genetic mating systems and tests for cuckoldry in a pipefish species in which males fertilize eggs and brood offspring externally // Mol. Ecol .. - 2001. - Vol. 10, No. 7 . - P. 1793-1800. - DOI : 10.1046 / j.0962-1083.2001.01320.x .
- RA Fritzsche. GASTEROSTEIFORMES: SYNGNATHIDAE // The living marine resources of the Eastern Central Atlantic. Volume 3: Bony fishes part 1 (Elopiformes to Scorpaeniformes) / Carpenter KE & De Angelis N., eds .. - FAO Species Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. - Rome: FAO, 2016 .-- P. 2131-2139. - 1511-2350 p.
