The miniature park is a special type of park - open-air museum , which shows reduced copies ( models and models ) of architectural structures, as well as technical and natural (for example, mountains) objects. Some parks have dynamic (with moving parts) models and layouts.
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Varieties
- 3 See also
- 4 notes
- 5 Links
History
The first private miniature parks appeared, presumably, at the beginning of the 20th century . Typically, building models served as decor for garden railways .
The first publicly available miniature park was Bekonscot Park, opened in 1929 .
At first, miniature parks were popular only in the UK , but after World War II they began to appear in continental Europe . One of the first miniature parks on the continent is Madurodam in the Netherlands .
In the Soviet Union, the 1930s were considered, but were not implemented due to World War II, the project of a national park of miniatures with the territory in the form of the contour of the USSR in Vsevolozhsk, Leningrad Region .
Among the miniature parks created in the post-Soviet republics are known “Kiev in miniature ” in Kiev , the Park of castles and fortifications of ancient Ukraine in Lviv , Bakhchisarai miniature park , “Crimea in miniature” in Alushta and Yevpatoriya in Ukraine , Map of Kazakhstan “Atameken” in Astana in Kazakhstan .
In post-Soviet Russia there is a miniature park dedicated to the city in the Alexander Park in St. Petersburg , a Miniature Park of Architectural Masterpieces of Russia in Kaliningrad . After the accession of Crimea, the Bakhchisarai miniature park and the Crimea in Miniature parks in Alushta and Yevpatoria were added to the list of Russian parks.
Varieties
Miniature parks vary both in scale and in theme. In the UK and other Anglo-Saxon countries, the most popular are quite large scales, from 1: 9 (Wimborne Model Town) to 1:12. In continental Europe, the most common scale is 1:25. Famous parks such as Mini-Europe in Belgium , Madurodam in the Netherlands , Minimundus in Austria and others are made on this scale. Chinese parks of very large miniatures are known, where the scale is not uniform and varies greatly from object to object, reaching 1: 3, incl. even for large prototypes (such as the Eiffel Tower ).
The approach to the theme of parks is also different. The parks of Great Britain, especially the pre-war ones, depict, as a rule, one small settlement (town, village). Such parks are also called “model-village”. At the same time, the parks of continental Europe were built on a different basis. In such parks, copies of the most famous architectural structures and other objects of a given country are usually presented. The largest of these European parks is France in miniature in the suburbs of Paris . In the Mini-Europe park in Brussels, each EU country is represented by at least one layout. In the eastern (in China , Japan , Thailand , etc.) miniature parks, usually, besides the objects of a given country, replicas of the world's most famous sights are also presented.
See also
- List of miniature parks
- Theme parks by country