Maryina Roshcha (district of Moscow)

There are several versions of the origin of the name:

• According to one, the area adjacent to the Maryino settlement at the beginning of the 15th century was named after the boyar Marya, a woman of extraordinary beauty, the wife of the son of a boyar Fyodor the Cat Fyodor Goltyay, who owned these lands.
• According to another version, the name was given by the name of the chieftain Marya, who commanded the robbers, since until the 18th century, Maryina Rosh was part of a large forest where the robbers lived.

Maryina Roshcha is a district in the North-Eastern administrative district of Moscow . The border of the district passes along Mira Avenue from the border with Ostankino and Alekseevsky districts to Sushchevsky Val street, along which the border of the district reaches the Soviet Army street, then turning to the theater of the Russian Army (inclusive). From Krestovsky Bridge to the Theater of the Russian Army, Marina Grove is bordered by the Meshchansky District of the Central Administrative District of Moscow . After the theater, the district is adjacent to the Tverskoy district of the Central Administrative District. Further, the border changes direction, passing along Dostoevsky Street . Then the border passes along Tikhvinskaya street and again goes along the Sushchyovsky shaft, reaching the middle of the Savyolovsky overpass , where the boundaries of five districts and three districts meet at one point: Maryina Rosha (SVAO), Tver (CAO), Begovoy (SAO) , Savyolovsky ( SAO) and Butyrsky (NEAD). After that, the border line passes through the Savyolovskaya platform, reaching along the railway line to Skradochnaya Street, passing along it, and then along the Kopytovka river to another railway line. Here Marina Grove is bordered by the Butyrsky District of the North-Eastern Administrative District. Along this route, the border runs parallel to the Murmansk Passage (after the Sheremetyevo Overpass) to Prospect Mira. On this site, the neighbor of Marina Grove is the Ostankino District of the North-Eastern Administrative District. Then Marina Grove borders with the Alekseevsky District of the North-East Administrative Okrug, and then again with the Meshchansky District of the Central Administrative District.

Marina Grove is the southernmost of all the NEAD regions.

Since ancient times, the Slavs lived in this area - Vyatichi . Mariinsky forests changed their owners many times. During the reign of Empress Anna Ivanovna, they were owned by Prince Cherkassky , then by Count Sheremetyev.

Among the forests was the village of Marino. The first mention of the village of Marino relate to the end of the XVI century. In the XVII century there was already a settlement here . In 1742, near the village of Marino, the Kamer-Kollezhsky Val was held; at that time it was the border of Moscow ^[4] . The forest around the rampart was cut down, and the groves that remained untouched became for many years a favorite place for folk festivals. The Moscow Almanac in 1829 wrote: "The density of a grove, completely dressed in greenery, offers a pleasant walk, here are a few versts in circumference with all the charms of unpainted nature."

In 1750, by decree of Elizaveta Petrovna , the first cemetery appeared here ^[5] in Moscow. In the 19th century, there were a lot of Sheremetyevs yard people living here. In the village of Marino, there lived a family of iconostasis Mochalin, a family of the Mandrygin, one of whom, Ivan Sergeyevich, gilded the furniture of the Ostankino Palace.

By the time Tsar Alexander II arrived in Ostankino in 1856, the peasants of Maryino had built a highway from the Troitskaya road to Ostankin , called Tsarskoye.

After the Peasant Reform of 1861 in the Marina Grove, land began to be leased. This badly influenced the fate of Marina Grove. The Land Society, which received the Maryinoroshchinsky land from the Sheremetyevs for a long-term lease, cut down the trees, and began to hand over the land to small owners.

At the beginning of the XIX century, Maryina Roshcha briefly became a fashionable summer residence - the locals began to rent out their houses for the summer to the townspeople. ^[6]

Marina Grove was built up with one and two-story houses for the poor. Stopped traditional folk festivals. After the construction of the Moscow-Petersburg railway, the Maryina Grove was cut off from Ostankin . On the old road (now Sheremetyevskaya Street ) a large Moscow flock passed early in the morning and at sunset, destroying the last islands of greenery. The Vindavskaya line, the construction of which began in the 90s of the 19th century, finally cut off the Mar'inoroshchinsky lands, and Maryina Roshcha turned into an urban dead end. And again, as in the distant years of the chieftain Marya, Maryina Roshcha gained notoriety.

The situation changed after the construction of a bridge over the railway, which connected both parts of the Marina Grove. This gave impetus to the beginning of industrial development of the area. Krotov and Meteltsov built a hosiery factory on Suschevsky Val. Not far from it, Gusarov put the Shot-Casting Factory, Meshchersky - lithography. The German Gustav Liszt is a plant for the production of pumps at the bend of the Vindava road (now the Borets plant ). Gradually changed the appearance of Marina Grove. Streets were paved, running water and sewage . Officially in the city limits Maryina Grove entered at the end of the XIX century.

During the reign of Emperor Nicholas II in 1903, the Temple of Unexpected Joy was created on Sheremetyevo Street. At the same time, the Empire style cinema appeared in the Marina Grove ^[4] .

In the 1910s, fish warehouses appeared on the 4th street of Marina Grove. Marina Grove was very popular with criminals, so the saying “People are easier in Marina Grove” ^{[7] was used} .

First World

During World War I, most of the men from the village of Marino were drafted into the army. By 1918, 9 cows and 4 horses remained in the village of Marino. . Hunger began.

Soviet period

During the NEP, the Mari plowed 50 dessiatines of land under gardens and engaged in floriculture, which brought good income in those years.

In the 1930s and 1940s, the Marina Grove area developed as an industrial appendage of Moscow. She was part of the Dzerzhinsky district of Moscow. Here were the factory "Borets", the plant for hard alloys, the factory "Stankolit" and others. From the first days of the Great Patriotic War, these enterprises switched to the production of military products, ammunition, and weapons. An artillery regiment was formed in the building of the current school number 237, which for military prowess was given the honorary title “The Stettinsky Artillery Red Banner Regiment”.

In the late 1950s, five-story residential buildings were built. Also in the area there are " Khrushchev ", Brezhnev high-rise buildings, houses of the modern era.

District Education

In 1991, temporary municipal districts " Sheremetyevsky " and " Maryina Roscha " were created, which were part of the North-Eastern Administrative District of Moscow ^[8] . After the adoption of the law “On the territorial division of the city of Moscow” on July 5, 1995, this territory was incorporated into the new district of Moscow , which was named “Maryina Rosh” ^[9] .

Currently, new buildings of two kindergartens and a new building of the International Academy of Business and Management (MABiU) are built on the 5th passage of Marina Grove . Sheremetyevsky overpass . The 2-nd street of Marina Grove (one move north to the intersection with the 3rd passage of Marina Grove), a section of the 5th passage of Marina Grove (from the 2nd street of Marina Grove to the 1st Streletsky passage , move west. Sushchevsky Val is currently building many business centers.

There are several schools. Secondary school № 237 (physico-mathematical bias, uniform - crimson jacket), № 242, № 259, № 1414, Grammar school № 1572 (Slope on English, uniform - black jacket, black trousers, white shirt), № 1956 (aesthetic bias , a form - a green jacket). All of these schools form a complex of the State Budgetary Educational Institution “School“ Maryina Roshcha ”named after V.F. Orlov. The oldest department store in Moscow, Maryinsky, is located on Sushchevsky Val .

In the Marina Grove there was a synagogue built in 1926 - the only synagogue in the country built during the Soviet era. . The synagogue burned down in 1993, now in its place stands the Moscow Jewish community center . An educational complex “Beit Shvidler” operates within the center, within which the Jewish school “Meivita” functions.

Moscow youth center "Planet KVN" (previously - the cinema "Havana" ). Theater "Satyricon" (previously in this building there was a cinema "Tajikistan", built on the site where the once famous folk festivals took place).

In November 2005, a tunnel was opened on Suschevsky Val Street.

June 19, 2010 opened the metro station " Maryina Roshcha " ^[10] .

• In the second half of the 19th century, the Eldorado Garden was located in the Marina Grove on the site of the MIIT. It is shown on the maps of Moscow at that time.
• A retro train departs from the Rizhsky railway station on the Maryina Grove railway line ^[19] .

• On May 19, 1828, Alexander Pushkin ^[4] visited the celebrations in the Marina Grove before leaving for St. Petersburg .
• They came here for folk festivals and N. V. Gogol and Governor-General Prince Dolgorukov ^[4] .
• In the southern part of the district lived the writer F. M. Dostoevsky . A street and a metro station are named after him.
• At the beginning of the 20th century, the General Designer of Spaceships S. P. Korolev once lived on Oktyabrskaya Street.
• Here lived the clown L. G. Yengibarov , the cinema actors of A. D. Larionov and N. N. Rybnikov , the illusionist I. E. Kio ^[4] .
• He spent his childhood A. A. Weiner .
• In 1982, A.I. Raikin and K.A. Raikin transported the Leningrad Theater of Miniatures to Moscow on Sheremetyevskaya Street. In 1987, renamed the Moscow Theater "Satyricon"
• The eight-meter room of Khardzhiev in Marina Grove (Aleksandrovsky Lane, 43, sq. 4) Akhmatova called the “refuge of poets”. Whoever ever found shelter in the 30s – 40s of the 20th century in this “wooden box”! Pasternak , Kruchenykh , Narbut , Zenkevich , Kharms , Vvedensky , Oleynikov , Malevich , Tatlin , Churilin , Suyetin , Punin , Mandelstam and many many others visited this room. Here, in early June 1941, Anna Akhmatova and Marina Tsvetaeva met, after which Akhmatova said: “But I am still a heifer in front of her” ^{[20] [21]} .

• The legend about falconry Ivan the Terrible Trifon Patrikeev.
• The story “Marina Grove” by V. A. Zhukovsky ^[22] .
• Song of Vladimir Vysotsky " City of ears plugged ... ":

"You saw, heard - as the leaves tremble

Your skinny, frail powers, -

I did my job - and then back,

And things are the mother-in-law in Marina Grove. ” ^[23]

Vysotsky V.S. in 2 t. T. 1. - Ed. 11th - Yekaterinburg, "U-Factoring", 1998.

• Theme song.
• In A. Rosenbaum's song “ Moscow Region Tango ”:

Here in the maple crimson, in the autumn fire,

Madness of Marina Grove.

And so now I dreamed

Midnight Moscow cab driver.

• The area is dedicated to the song of the group " Voice of Omeriki " " Maryina Roshcha "
• In the song of the composer Laura Quint performed by Nikolai Karachentsov “ Maryina Roshcha ”:

A bell is groaning somewhere

Finally we are alone.

Appeared on the road

Groves Maryina lights.

Walk, walk, Marina Grove,

Walk, walk, honest people!

Look at life as simple as possible.

Until the devil himself will take you ...

• Song of Eugene Kemerovo "Marina Grove":

Oh, you, shkonochka, oh, you, sweetheart,

And the girl remained in the wild.

And the ring, she gave me.

I will get back to you, Maryina Grove.

• Song of Vlada Moscow "Address"

They say to me: “Live and be simpler,”

Only they probably never knew -

I come from the Marina from the Grove,

This means - from trouble a hair.

• Northeast of Moscow. Years Developments. People (leader of the author's call. Averyanov K. A. ). M., 2012. p. 289-301. ISBN 978-5-9904122-1-7 .
• Administration of the district Maryina Roscha on the NEAD portal
• Official site of the intracity municipality Maryina Roshcha
• Sights of the area Marina Grove