Li Rui ( Kit. 李锐 , Pinyin : Li Rui ; April 13, 1917 - February 16, 2019 , Beijing [2] ) - Chinese historian and politician , member of the Chinese Communist Party since 1937. Was the personal secretary of Mao Zedong on production issues [3] . After leaving political life, Lee became a writer and an active supporter of democratic reforms in China [4] .
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Content
Career
Lee was one of the first and enthusiastic members of the Communist Party who, at the end of the 1930s, went to the Communist base in Yenan . After a few years, he was first subjected to revolutionary persecution there [5] .
In the mid-1950s, Li was one of Mao Zedong ’s secretaries, which gave him access to China’s ruling elite circles, but his criticism of the Great Leap Policy and support for Peng Dehuai led to his condemnation. He later announced that Mao had ignored the sufferings and deaths of people caused by his policies: “The way of thinking and managing Mao was terrifying. He does not appreciate human life. The death of others meant nothing to him. ” [6]
Li participated in the negotiations on the creation of the Art Zone 718 , created in Dashanji in cooperation with the GDR as an extension of the Plan of the socialist association of military-industrial cooperation between the Soviet Union and the young Chinese communist state. Since 1957, he was its first director [7] [8] .
Lee was then convicted as an anti-Party leader and spent twenty years in prison. He was released in 1979, and three years later he was elected to the Central Committee, and then in 1983 he became vice-director of the organizational department of the Communist Party [9] .
Lee was vice minister of the Ministry of Water Management, and then became an opponent of the Three Gorges power plant construction project [10] . He continued to oppose the construction of the dam after the protests on Tiananmen Square in 1989. [11]
Disagreements
At the XVI Congress of the Communist Party in 2002, Lee aroused unrest, calling for political reform. His opinion began to spread widely. In November 2004, the party’s propaganda department banned Li's publication in the media.
After hearing about Zhao Ziyang ’s death in 2005, Li returned to Beijing from abroad and immediately went to the house of the former secretary general to pay his respects. In 2006, he signed an open letter condemning the closure of the state investigative newspaper Freezing Point [12] .
On the eve of the 17th Congress of the Communist Party in 2007, Li and retired scholar Xie Tao published articles calling on the Communist Party to become a European-style socialist party [13] . In October 2010, Lee signed an open letter to the Standing Committee of the All-China People’s Assembly , in which he called for greater press freedom [14] .
Personal life
Lee had a daughter, Li Nanyang. They became alienated after she rejected him as an enemy of the party during his removal from power in the 1950s. But thanks to her efforts in the late 1970s, he was rehabilitated from exile and reinstated in her former rank, after which the daughter reconciled with Lee [15] .
Lee died of multiple organ failure in Beijing on February 16, 2019, at the age of 101 [16] .
Notes
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 141317213 // General Regulatory Control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ 毛泽东 前 秘书 李锐 过世 享年 101 岁 (whale.) . 早报 (February 16, 2019). The appeal date is February 16, 2019. Archived February 16, 2019.
- ↑ Sullivan, Lawrence R. The Historical Dictionary of the People’s Republic of China. - London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. - ISBN 9781442264687 .
- ↑ Volland, Nicolai. Fifty Influential Public Intellectuals (English) . Heidelberg University (May 16, 2014). The appeal date is February 16, 2019. Archived February 16, 2019.
- ↑ Interviews in 'Morning Sun': Intergenerational and family stories (English) . . Long Bow Group (2003). The appeal date is February 16, 2019. Archived on September 7, 2015.
- ↑ China must confront dark past, says Mao confidant (English) . The appeal date is February 17, 2019. Archived on September 17, 2018.
- ↑ Hung, Wu. Making History: Wu Hung on Contemporary Art : [ eng ] . - Timezone 8 Limited, 2008. - ISBN 9789889961701 .
- ↑ Zhang, Fan. The Institutional Evolution of China: Government vs Market : [ eng ] . - Edward Elgar Publishing, September 28, 2018. - ISBN 9781784716912 .
- ↑ Sullivan, Lawrence. Historical Dictionary of the Chinese Communist Party. - Scarecrow Press, 2011. - p. 159.
- Ru Li Rui, Former Secretary of Chairman Mao, and Maj. Gen. Chang Zhonglian Reflect on Zhao Ziyang (Eng.) , The Epoch Times (28 January 2005). Archived October 8, 2012. The appeal date is February 17, 2019.
- ↑ Johnson, Ian . Li Rui, a Mao Confidant Who Turned Party Critic, Dies at 101 (eng.) , The New York Times (February 15, 2019). Archived February 16, 2019. The appeal date is February 16, 2019.
- ↑ Party elders attack China censors (English) , BBC News (February 14, 2006). Archived December 16, 2018. The appeal date is February 16, 2019.
- ↑ Hu Jintao Battles the CCP's Crisis of Confidence (English) . The date of circulation is February 17, 2019. Archived October 11, 2007.
- Letter South China Morning Post (October 13, 2010). Archived October 19, 2010. The appeal date is February 16, 2019.
- ↑ Li Rui: China's red rebel turns 100 (English) . BBC News (April 13, 2017). The appeal date is April 23, 2017. Archived April 17, 2017.
- ↑ Johnson, Ian . Li Rui, Mao Confident Who Turned Party Critic, Dies at 101 (Eng.) , The New York Times (February 15, 2019). Archived February 16, 2019. The appeal date is February 15, 2019.
Links
- lirui.org.cn - Li Rui Discussion Board (in Chinese )