World Records in Cycling

Track Racing

Story

Track cycling has been known since at least 1870. When cycling was in its infancy, wooden covered roads were built, which resembled modern velodromes , consisting of two straight and slightly inclined turns.

One of the attractive aspects of indoor track racing was that spectators could be easily controlled, and therefore charged for entry, making cycling races a commercial sport. Early track races attracted crowds of up to 2,000 people. Covered tracks at first allowed cycling all year round. The main early track race centers in Britain were Birmingham , Sheffield , Liverpool , Manchester and London .

The most notable changes in the course of more than a hundred years of cycling on the track were the bikes themselves. To ensure ever faster speeds, they were designed to become lighter and more aerodynamic.

With the exception of the Olympic Games of 1912 , track cycling races were included in the program of all modern Olympic Games . The women's track program was first included in the program of the Olympic Games in 1988 .

Men

Women

Juniors

Junior Women

Story

Road cycling is one of the disciplines of cycling , implying racing on hard roads on road bikes . Olympic discipline since 1896.

Road cycling refers to summer sports, the season starts in early spring and ends in autumn. The most prestigious competitions are held from March to October.

The history of road cycling began in 1868 ^[3] , and the first major bicycle race, the “grandmother of all ephemeral” - Liege - Bastogne - Liege , has been held since 1892 . Most of the most famous and prestigious races currently appeared in the late XIX - early XX centuries.

It is the most popular and commercially developed cycling discipline. Especially popular in Europe (France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Kazakhstan, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Switzerland, Germany), where the most important road cycling events take place: the legendary classic one-day events and Grand tours. Also popular in the USA, Canada, Russia and Japan.

Competitions are divided into group races and races with separate start. According to the UCI classification , cycling races are divided into different categories with numerical designations. Since 2009, the highest category races, under the jurisdiction of the UCI, are included in ProTour , and the races belonging to the organizers of the grand tours form the Monument Series of cycling . According to the results of performances at all competitions, cyclists get points in the UCI Rating .

Tour de France

' Tour de France' ( Fr. Le Tour de France ) - multi-day road cycling, one of the three grand tours . The most famous and prestigious bicycle race of the world, held for more than a hundred years in France ^[4] . The unofficial name is “Big Loop”.

Records Tour de France

Vuelta or Tour of Spain

' Vuelta of Spain' ( Spanish. Vuelta a España , Tour of Spain, Vuelta ,) - multi-day road race, one of the three grand tours . It passes annually through the territory of Spain and Andorra in August and September (starting from 1995; before that, in May). The first race took place in 1935. Only 3 races were also held on the territory of other European countries: 1997 - Portugal , 2009 - the Netherlands and Belgium , and 2017 - France .

Vuelta Records

Giro d'Italia

' Giro d'Italia' ( Italian. Giro d'Italia , Rus. Tour of Italy ) is a multi-day cycling race , one of the three largest along with the Tour de France and the Vuelta . It passes annually through the territory of Italy for three weeks, usually in May-June. The first race took place in 1909 . Among Russian racers, the race was won by Evgeny Berzin ( 1994 ), Pavel Tonkov ( 1996 ) and Denis Menchov ( 2009 ). In addition to the main competitions since 1988, Giro d'Italia for women and Giro d'Italia for juniors have been held .

Records Giro d'Italia

Tour of Switzerland

' Tour of Switzerland' ( fr. Tour de Suisse ) is an annual multi-day road race, passing along the roads of Switzerland .

In 1908, to the 25th anniversary of the Swiss Cycling Federation (Swiss Cycling) , an attempt was made to organize a race. There were only two one-day races with a distance of more than 300 kilometers. Another attempt to organize a major cycling race in Switzerland was the Munich-Zurich race, which was discontinued in 1924 due to high costs. Using Tour de France and Giro d'Italia as their model, the then director of Swiss Cycling Xavier Marzol finally tried to organize a multi-day race. The first Tour of Switzerland finally took place in late August - early September 1933 and was timed to the 50th anniversary of Swiss Cycling ^[6] . The winner of the five-stage race was the Austrian Max Bull . Since then, her time and duration have been changed several times. The race was part of various major road tournaments . Along with the Criterium, the Dauphiné is an important rehearsal race of the Tour de France , usually starting in two weeks. Since 2005, the Tour of Switzerland is held in mid-June, consists of nine stages, in most - mountain, and at least one cutting .

Switzerland Tour Records

Tour of Flanders

' Tour of Flanders' ( niderl. Ronde van Vlaanderen ) - annual spring classic one-day cycling race held in the Flemish region of Belgium . For the first time the race was held in 1913, the Belgian cyclist Paul Deman became the winner. The Tour of Flanders is part of the five so-called Cycling Monuments - the most famous, prestigious and revered classic races in the cycling calendar.

Records Tour of Flanders

La Primavera

' Milan - Sanremo' ( Italian. Milano – Sanremo ) is an annual spring one-day classic cycling race that takes place between the Italian cities of Milan and Sanremo . It is the longest modern one-day professional cycling race, the length of its route is almost 300 kilometers. For the first time the race was held in 1907, the winner was the French cyclist Lucien Petit-Breton . Milan - San Remo opens the season of the classic spring and is part of the five so-called Cycling Monuments - the most famous, prestigious and revered classic races in the cycling calendar. Milan - San Remo is often called the Primavera (from Italian. "La classica di Primavera" - spring classics) and sprint classics (while the Giro di Lombardia , held in the fall, is considered a mountain classic).

Records La Primavera

Tour Down Ander

' Tour Down Ander' ( eng. Tour Down Under ) is a multi-day annual road race in the vicinity of Adelaide , South Australia . It starts on the third Tuesday of January and consists of six stages. The first race took place in 1999 . In 2005, the UCI awarded the race a category 2.HC , which is the highest for racing outside Europe . In 2008, the first non-European cycling race received the status of UCI ProTour . The stages of the tour are mainly in flat and moderately hilly areas around Adelaide. One of the stages includes two circles from climbing the mountain of Willung with a length of 3 km with an average gradient of 7.6%. The average temperature in South Australia in January is 29 ° C.

The Six Days of Bremen

' Six Days of Bremen' - the six-day competition held since 1933, gathers up to 125,000 spectators. They are held in the German city of Bremen . Many prize-winners from European and world championships take part in cycling races. From 2016 (from 14 to 19 January) in addition to the twelve best teams in the races Six days of Bremen added amateur races and races for women.

Story

Cyclocross or Cyclocros ( English Cyclo-cross - cross -country bicycles of a specific design . Technically, this is one of the most difficult and “slow-moving” cycling disciplines (average speed of a crossman is about 20 km / h). Athletes usually have to be overcome several times a circular route (from 2.5 to 3.5 km) in open areas and forest areas with obstacles in the form of fords, mud, tree roots and fallen trunks, ditches, hills, etc., to which artificial barriers can be added. was held in France in 1902. The first international competitions were held in 1924, and the World Championship debuted in Paris in 1950. The Cyclocross is usually an autumn and winter sport, from September to February. The World Championships are held in late January. The National Championships of Canada and the United States are held in November and January from a small number of races in the southern and western states of the United States, such as California.The age categories for cyclists according to the UCI rules are currently determined by their age on January 1, which is in the middle of the international season. a, that is, they compete in the same category as in the next season.

Story

Mountain biking or mountain bike ( English mountain bike , abbreviated MTB ) - cycling off-road cycling. In the late 70s, a new form of cycling similar to the Cyclocros ( born Cyclo-cross began to develop in California. Motorcycle tires were added to the bike and it gradually developed into a modern mountain bike. The first national mountain bike championship was held in 1983 in the United States. The first mountain bike world championships began in 1987. In 1990, the MTB, as a type of cycling, was recognized by the International Cycling Union of the UCI . Cross bikes (cross-country) were taken into the program of the Olympic Games and made their debut in Atlanta in 1996. There are several types of mountain bikes, each of which is designed for a different type of race.

Records Mountain Bike

Story

BMX Racing appeared in the 70s, when motocross became a popular sport in the USA .

Children and teenagers also wanted to participate in motocross, so they took their bikes, dressed in motocross equipment and competed on their own hand-made tracks, similar to motocross.

BMX competitions offered inspiring action at a low price and often close to home. Therefore, it is easy to understand why this sport has become so widespread. At the beginning of the 70s, a BMX motorcycle control authority appeared in the USA. This event is considered to be the official start of the WWH, and after that the sport was also presented on other continents, among them in Europe in 1978.

In April 1981, the International BMX Federation (IBMXF) was founded and the first world championship was held in 1982, almost 10 years earlier than the first mountain bike world championship . BMH quickly spread as a unique sports discipline and after several years had more signs of cycling than motocross. Thus, from January 1993, BMX was included in the International Cycling Union (UCI). ^[7]

В октябре 2003 года на очередном конгрессе Международного союза велосипедистов объявлено, что Международный олимпийский комитет (МОК) включит ВМХ в программу Летних Олимпийских игр 2008 года в Пекине. На этих играх он был представлен одной мужской и одной женской дисциплинами. Первыми Олимпийскими чемпионами стали Марис Штромбергс из Латвии и Анна-Каролина Шоссон из Франции.

Story

Фристайл BMX экстремальный вид спорта, происходящий из BMX racing , который состоит из пяти дисциплин. В июне 2017 года Международный олимпийский комитет объявил, что он должен быть добавлен в качестве олимпийской дисциплины Летних Олимпийских игр 2020 года .

Story

Велотриал ( англ. bike trials ) — дисциплина маунтинбайка, заключающаяся в преодолении препятствий на велосипедe (см. Приёмы велотриала ). Препятствия могут быть самыми разными, естественными или искусственными: парапеты, камни, бревна, доски и т. д. Главной целью является преодоление серии препятствий, не опираясь ногами, руками и другими частями тела.

Велосипедный триал зародился в конце 70-х — начале 80—х годов в Испании . Мототриалисты стали создавать специальные велосипеды, чтобы на них тренировались дети, но вскоре велотриал стал самостоятельным видом спорта. Он начал стремительно развиваться, проводились соревнования. Первой компанией, выпускающей велосипеды для триала была Montesa, ныне называемая Monty . Главными центрами триала стали США и Испания , техника и стили преодоления препятствий которых во многом отличались.

На сегодняшний день велотриал — довольно известный вид экстремального спорта . Проводятся крупные мировые соревнования. Сейчас основные центры триала — Франция , Испания , Англия , Бельгия , Швейцария , Германия и некоторые другие страны Европы. В последнее время триал становится все популярнее, уровень спортсменов растет всё быстрее и ставятся немыслимые рекорды: прыжок с места через планку на высоте 142 см ^[8] и многие другие.

It is worth noting, to date, cycling trial, as a sport, has evolved significantly. Along with the classic bike trial, the popularity begins to gain a special direction - street trial. This style of skating means trick skating in the city, combining the basics of the classic trial and park extreme disciplines. The most prominent representative of the street-trial of our generation can be considered the English athlete Danny Macaskill, who has a key influence on the development of this sport.

Story

The game originated in the late 19th century in the United States, and the famous cyclist Nick Kaufman is considered to be the father of the game. According to the legend, during the bike ride, a small dog rushed on the bike, and to avoid falling and injuries on the animal, Nick, prying the pug with the front wheel, took it gently to the side. September 14, 1883 with John Furley to the public in Rochester ^{[ what? ]} , famous American cyclists showed the game of bicycles with the ball. In America, this sport among cyclists quickly became popular and soon came to Europe.

There are 3 types of bike:

• 2 players per team on a playing field sized 11 × 14 m

• 5 players per team on the field with the size of a handball court

• 6 players in a team with an outdoor soccer ball

At the initiative of the German Cycling Union in 1930, the first world championship was held (2 people per team). Currently, this type of bike is the most popular.

Cycle Ball Records

Representatives of Germany since 1930, a record 35 times became the winners.

• UCI official website (English) , http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/ , http://www.raceacrossamerica.org/ , https://landsend-to-johnogroats.co.uk/ , Official website of the Swiss Tour