Perth Charterhouse Carthusian Monastery ( English: Perth Charterhouse, Perth Priory ; Latin: Domus Vallis Virtutis - House of the Valley of Virtue) is a former Carthusian monastery in Perth , Scotland . The only Carthusian monastery ever established in the Scottish kingdom , and one of the last monasteries built in it that belonged to non- mendicant orders . Traditionally, the date of foundation of the monastery is considered to be 1429. In 1569, it was ordered by the authorities to be closed, although in one way or another it remained valid until 1602.
| Monastery | |
| Perth Carthusian Monastery | |
|---|---|
| lat Domus Vallis Virtutis | |
 Seal of the Priory of the monastery | |
| A country |  United Kingdom |
| Location | Perth (Scotland) |
| Order affiliation | Cartesian Order |
| Date of Abolition | 1602 year |
| Status | closed |
Content
- 1 Cartesian Order
- 2 Foundation
- 3 Property
- 4 Development
- 5 Reformation and dissolution of the monastery
- 6 Burials
- 7 Notes
- 8 Literature
Cartesian Order
The Cartesian Order was founded in the 11th century at the Monastery of Grand Chartreuse in the Alps [1] . The Carthusians are one of the most ascetic and severe of all European monastic orders [2] . In the first half of the 15th century, the order enjoyed the patronage of the secular authorities of England. Archibald Douglas, 4th Earl of Douglas made an attempt to contribute to the establishment of a monastery for them in 1419, but it was unsuccessful [3] .
Ground
The traditional date of foundation of the house is considered to be 1429 [4] . Three years earlier, namely, on August 19, 1426, the abbot Grand-Chartreuse, having received the consent of the chapter of the Cartesian order, authorized the creation of a monastery in Perth [5] . King James I spent on the erection of a significant part of the income from his possessions, as well as part of the ransom due from the English crown. He also put pressure on other rulers to make donations. The Cistercian monk John of Butes was responsible for overseeing the construction of the monastery [6] . The monastery could be conceived as a royal mausoleum: the king of Scotland Jacob I (reigned in 1424–1437), his wife Queen Joan Beaufort (c. 1404–1445) and Queen Margarita Tudor (1489–1541), the widow of Jacob IV were buried here [7 ] . Perth's first abbot, Oswald de Corda, took office on March 31, 1429. [8] Oswald was a Bavarian, formerly serving as vicar of Grand Chartreuse; being there, he wrote a treatise on the methodology for correcting texts [9] .
Property
The monastery was founded on the initiative of King James I, who by decree of March 31, 1429 granted the Cistercians a number of privileges [10] . The Abbey of Cupar-Angus and William Hay of Errol gave the monastery “for fear” the Errol church in Goury ; Kupar Angus was a former rector, and Hay was the patron saint of this church. Both Errol and the abbey tried to restore their rights to the church after the death of Jacob I [11] . The monks also received donations from the wealthy citizens of Perth, who may have been under the same pressure [11] . By 1434, the monastery gained control of the hospital of St. Mary Magdalene, and the Augustinian monastery of St. Leonard, near Perth, was dissolved, and his property was transferred to the Cistercians. The king also had plans to take the lands of the Glen Dockart Valley from the Earl of Atoll and transfer them to the order [12] .
Development
The brotherhood of the monastery should ideally consist of a prior and twelve brothers - following the example of Jesus Christ and his twelve apostles [2] . Usually, they tried to adhere to this rule, however, a document dating back to 1478 indicates that at that time the monastery had a prior, fourteen monastic chorists, two converses and one novice [5] . Probably, this situation should be considered a deviation from the norm. It is known that by 1529 the brethren returned to their standard size [13] . However, by 1558 there were only ten brothers left [14] .
Since the monastery was the only Cartesian institution in Scotland, Perth's place in the administrative system of the order was unsustainable. Initially, it belonged to the province of Picardy ; between 1456 and 1460 he was part of the English province, but was subsequently assigned to the province of Geneva [5] .
Reformation and Dissolution of the Monastery
May 11, 1559 Protestants destroyed the monastery of Perth and the monasteries of other orders; one of the Persian brothers was killed, four others fled abroad, and six monks decided to stay: two of them, Prior Adam Forman and another brother, nevertheless fled abroad in 1567 [15] . Of the four remaining in 1567, one was Adam Stewart, the illegitimate son of Scottish king James V , who for a while called himself Prior. King James VI granted the monastery real estate to the city of Perth by decree of August 9, 1569, although the monks occupied the monastery until 1602. The final abolition of the monastery this year was probably due to the re-publication in 1600 of the charter of King Jacob in 1569 [14] .
Burials
- Jacob I, king of Scotland (1394-1437)
- Joan Beaufort, Queen of Scotland (c. 1404-1445)
- Margarita Tudor, Queen of Scotland (1489-1541)
Notes
- ↑ Bartlett, England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings , p. 432.
- ↑ 1 2 Bartlett, England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings , pp. 432-4.
- ↑ Brown, James I , p. 117; Cowan & Easson, Medieval Religious Houses , p. 87.
- ↑ Cowan & Easson, Medieval Religious Houses , p. 86; Stevenson, Life and Death of King James the First , p. eleven; Watt & Shead, Heads of Religious Houses , p. 174.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Cowan & Easson, Medieval Religious Houses , p. 86.
- ↑ Brown, James I , p. 117.
- ↑ Brown, James I , p. 194.
- ↑ Watt & Shead, Heads of Religious Houses , p. 174.
- ↑ Oswaldi de Corda Opus pacis (Turnholt: Brepols, 2001)
- ↑ Brown, James I , p. 117; Cowan & Easson, Medieval Religious Houses , p. 86.
- ↑ 1 2 Brown, James I , p. 124.
- ↑ Brown, James I , p. 179.
- ↑ Cowan & Easson, Medieval Religious Houses , pp. 86-7.
- ↑ 1 2 Cowan & Easson, Medieval Religious Houses , p. 87.
- ↑ Cowan & Easson, Medieval Religious Houses , p. 87; Watt & Shead, Heads of Religious Houses , p. 176.
Literature
- Bartlett, Robert, England Under the Norman and Angevin Kings, 1075-1225 , (Oxford, 2000)
- Brown, Michael, James I , (East Linton, 1994)
- Cowan, Ian B. & Easson, David E., Medieval Religious Houses: Scotland With an Appendix on the Houses in the Isle of Man , Second Edition, (London, 1976)
- Lawson, John Parker, The Book of Perth: An Illustration of the Moral and Ecclesiastical State of Scotland before and after the Reformation, with Introduction, Observations, and Notes , (Edinburgh, 1847)
- Stevenson, Joseph, (ed.) & Elphinstone, William, The Life and Death of King James the First of Scotland , (Edinburgh, 1837)
- Watt, DER, & Shead, NF (eds.), The Heads of Religious Houses in Scotland from the 12th to the 16th Centuries , The Scottish Records Society, New Series, Volume 24, (Edinburgh, 2001)
- Oswaldi de Corda Opus pacis (Turnhout: Brepols, 2001)