Microphthalmos (also microphthalmia ) is a congenital malformation of the eye, in which one or both eyeballs are reduced in size [2] [3] . It differs from anophthalmos in which one or both eyes are absent [4] [5] .
| Microphthalmos | |
|---|---|
 One-sided microphthalmos | |
| ICD-10-KM | |
| ICD-9-KM | , and |
| Omim | , , , , , , , , , , , and |
| Diseasesdb | |
| Mesh | |
Nanophthalmos is a form of microphthalmus characterized by a decrease in the size of the eyeball, a large thickness of the scleral capsule, pronounced hyperopia , and a high risk of angle-closure glaucoma [3] [5] .
Description
Usually there is a unilateral lesion of the eye, bilateral less frequently [3] . The eyeball is reduced in size, while the length of its anteroposterior axis does not exceed 21 mm in an adult and 19 mm in a child [5] . In addition, the disease is characterized by a decrease in visual acuity (depends on the severity of the disease itself and the presence of concomitant pathology [5] ), increased lacrimation, facial asymmetry, as well as discomfort. With the formation of cysts in the orbital cavity, pain is observed [3] .
Reasons
Microphthalmos may be due to genetic pathology or develop in isolation. Among the causes of the onset of the disease can be noted intrauterine infection with toxoplasmosis , rubella , herpes , as well as amniotic constriction syndrome , teratogenic effects ( ionizing radiation , smoking , alcohol , drugs , drugs) [3] .
Diagnostics
Diagnostics may include external examination, biomicroscopy, visometry , refractometry , ultrasound , computed tomography . Additionally, DNA analysis can be performed [3] .
Treatment
Surgical correction may be used [3] .
Prevalence
The disease occurs from 1 to 2.1 cases per 10,000 people. Among the total number of eye lesions is 0.4% [3] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Disease Ontology release 2019-05-13 - 2019-05-13 - 2019.
- ↑ Microphthalmia> meaning of the term, (abbreviations)> MedElement terminology reference . diseases.medelement.com. Date of treatment February 12, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Microphthalmos - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment . www.krasotaimedicina.ru. Date of treatment February 12, 2019.
- ↑ Anophthalmos • Great Russian Encyclopedia - electronic version . bigenc.ru. Date of treatment February 12, 2019.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Anomalies in the development of the eyeball as a whole | Children's ophthalmology . All about the restoration and correction of vision. Date of treatment February 12, 2019.