The third option [1] is a proposal for the possible development of Canada’s international relations, made in 1972 by Canadian Foreign Minister M. Sharp . The proposal proposed to reduce Canada’s dependence on the United States by diversifying bilateral relations.
The third option was suggested as an alternative to the first two:
- maintaining the status quo , in which Canadian foreign policy essentially followed in the wake of the United States (it was difficult to maintain this state in the early 1970s because of the growth of nationalism in both countries, especially because of the 1971 Nixon shock [2] ) ;
- a course for even deeper integration with the United States.
Although the strategy has never been published in the form of " green "Or a" white "book and was not discussed in Parliament , it for a decade defined the policy of Canada [3] . With the change of government ( B. Mulroney came to power in 1984), the course towards Canada’s foreign policy independence was rejected.
Beginning in 2016, the idea of reviving the third variant began to be expressed again as a response to US foreign policy under President D. Trump [4] [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Khripunov I. А. Canada and Latin America // International life. No ?, 1976. P. 118.
- ↑ Mays, 1989 , p. 387.
- ↑ Mays, 1989 , p. 388.
- ↑ Stuart Culbertson. Canada’s trade strategy . // Vancouver Sun, February 18, 2017. (English)
- ↑ Andrew Cohen. US-Canadian Relations on the Rocks . // Foreign Affores , June 21, 2018. (eng.)
Literature
- "Third Option" // The Canadian Encyclopedia (English)
- Gordon Mace, Gérard Hervouet. Canada's Third Option: A Complete Failure? (Eng.) // Canadian Public Policy (Analyse de Politiques). - 1989. - December ( vol. 15 , no. 4 ). - p . 387-404 . - DOI : 10.2307 / 3550355 .
- Guy Marsden. The Liberal Third Option: A Study of Policy Development . Regina, Saskatchewan. September 1997. (eng.)