Sanatorium "Sosnovy Bor"

The sanatorium was built at the personal expense of the doctor of medicine Vladimir Alexandrovich Ditman (architect A.-V. F. Petzold ) on the territory of the Finnish estate Khalil , by whose name he was named ^{[2] [3] [4]} , and opened in June 1889 ^[5] . It was the first sanatorium for patients with tuberculosis, located near St. Petersburg ^[5] . In 1891, the sanatorium was closed due to financial difficulties of its maintenance. May 12, 1892 the resort and the surrounding land acquired for 100 thousand rubles. ( 243 thousand Finnish marks ) in the ownership of the office of His Imperial Majesty Alexander III , so the hospital resumed work ^{[2] [3]} .

In 1892-1917, the sanatorium was reconstructed and built ^{[2] [3]} :

• wooden, on a granite basement, orthodox church (1892, architect E. L. Leburde ), consecrated in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky;
• Alexander branch (building of the sanatorium of Dr. Ditman); in front of its facade was a bust of the “sovereign founder of the sanatorium, Alexander III” (sculptor R. R. Bach ) ^{[K 1]} ;
• Mariinsky branch with 24 seats, intended for the treatment of pupils of institutes of the Departments of the Empress Maria (1894, architect E. L. Leburde);
• Mykolayiv branch - 3-story, with balconies, verandas and a viewing tower, with treatment rooms and rooms for patients (1895-1897, architect E. L. Leburde);
• New Alexander branch (1913-1915, architect A. Shulman );   monument of architecture (federal) ^{[2] [K 2]} .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the “Imperial sanatorium” was a medical town of 105 buildings on 500 tithing ^{[K 3]} with its own power station, pharmacy, post office and telegraph, its own water supply and sewage system, and its subsidiary farm ^{[2] [3]} . The sanatorium provided free treatment to patients of all classes ^[2] .

With the adoption of the Declaration of Independence of Finland (December 4, 1917) and the recognition of Finland's independence by the Soviet Government ( December 18 [31], 1917 ), the sanatorium (buildings, property, land) was transferred to the Finnish state ^[2] .

From December 24, 1917 ( January 6, 1918 ) to December 28, 1917 ( January 10, 1918 ), on the advice of Y. A. Berzin , V. I. Lenin was resting in the sanatorium ^{[4] [6]} . According to JV Stalin , the People’s Commissar for Nationalities, the trip was considered safe, as the situation in Finland was controlled by the pro-Bolshevik Finnish Territorial Committee (chairman - I. T. Smilga ) ^[6] . V.I. Lenin, with his wife and sister , accompanied by two bodyguards and E.A. Rakhya , the commissar of the Finland Station , arrived by train at Uusikirkko station , from where they reached the sanatorium by sleigh. During these few days V.I. Lenin wrote three articles on the labor movement. By a lucky chance, an attempt was made on him: the performers (N. N. Martyanov and Y. Tyagunov ) arrived in Khalila literally 2 hours after V. I. Lenin's departure from there. After 4 days, V. I. Lenin was fired upon in Petrograd by other performers ^[6] .

In accordance with Article 30 of the Peace Treaty between the RSFSR and Finland (1920), residents of Petrograd and its environs were guaranteed for 10 years the right to use half of the hospital beds in the Khalila sanatorium on the same terms as Finnish citizens ^{[7] [K 4]} . In 1920, 900 children were taken to the Khalil sanatorium taken by the American Red Cross from Eastern Siberia to Petrograd ^[6] .

In the early 1920s, the sanatorium was the largest in Finland (in 1920 - about 100 beds, in 1927-270, later - 320), in which low-income patients were treated at public expense ^[8] .

In 1928, the Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna Romanova , who was in exile in England, appealed to the Finnish government with a lawsuit in order to challenge the ownership of the sanatorium; Princess N. Brasova , the guardian of her son, Prince George, joined the lawsuit. By amicable agreement, Finland reimbursed the heirs of 15,000 f. Art. , which in 1933 were secretly transferred to an English bank with the mediation of the head of the Finnish bank Risto Ruti ^[6] .

Since July 1944, a tuberculosis hospital with 225 beds was opened on the territory of the sanatorium; since 1947, the Leningrad tuberculosis sanatorium Khalila (in 1949 the sanatorium Sosnovy Bor) resumed work in the renovated building of the New Alexandrovsky branch ^[2] . In the 1950s and 1980s, a small medical building and an apartment building for employees were built; subsidiary farming restored ^[2] .

Since 1987, the sanatorium "Sosnovy Bor" is an independent settlement; from January 1, 2006 - as part of the Polyansky rural settlement .

Clinical and geographical features of the area, known at the time of the creation of the sanatorium, contribute to the improvement of patients:

• lack of rotting products in the air due to sand and granite soils;
• increased concentration of ozone inherent in a pine forest and an abundance of granite ;
• close to normal water vapor content in the air, provided, on the one hand, by dry soil, and on the other, by the proximity of the lake;
• lack of wind and dustiness due to the location of the sanatorium in the middle of the forest ^[5] .

The specifics of the construction of each building (department) of the sanatorium contributed to the reduction of airborne contamination of the premises:

• individual bedrooms (rooms) of patients had an area of ​​more than 3 × 2 fathoms (≈ 6.3 × 4.2 m) with a height of 6 arshins (≈ 4.2 m) ^[5] ;
• the decoration did not use wallpaper and plaster ; all the walls were covered with wood, treated with drying oil and varnished ^[5] .

Along with climatic factors in the treatment of patients were used:

• in the 19th century - inhalation of hot (heated to 180 ° C) air according to Weigert; it was believed that in this way the destruction of the causative agent of tuberculosis in the lungs is achieved ^[5] ;
• in the late XIX - early XX centuries - therapeutic pneumothorax ; applied in a sanatorium for the first time in RussiaD. D. Kurdyumov , one of the assistants of I. G. Gabrilovich ^[2] .

Chief doctors of the sanatorium

• 1892-1917 Ivan G. Gabrilovich ^[2]
• 1920-1939 - Robert Elmgren ^{[8] [9] [10]}
• 1944—? Mikhail Davidovich Reginashvili
• Leonid Vasilievich Konstantinov
• since 1986 - Evgeny G. Dziuba ^[11]

On July 31 ( August 12 ), 1892, a wooden Orthodox church was laid on a granite basement, the construction of which (architect E. L. Leburde ) lasted 10 months. Consecrated on May 21 ( June 2 ), 1893 in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky ^{[2] [3] [12]} .

The building of the church in the shape of a cross (in the plan) with a five-sided altar and a porch with a porch was crowned by a pointed rib roof and an upper bulb. Sheathed with lacquered boards, the building was heated by 4 tiled stoves. A 2-tier iconostasis was made of walnut wood with the images of the Savior , Mother of God and namesake, with the Royal Family, saints; behind the throne - the image of the Resurrection of Christ . The church was decorated with an embroidered carpet on a soleil and a patterned tire on a lectern - the work and gift of the family of state secretary KK Rennenkampf , who was in charge of the sanatorium ^[12] .

The church burned down in 1905 ^{[2] [3]} . The stone building of the church in the name of the Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky was built in 1905-1907 (architects Yu. F. Bruni , A. Shulman ^[13] ) ^{[2] [3] [14]} .

In 1925, the church was reconstructed into a Lutheran church ^{[4] [6] [14]} .

Returned to the church in 1992 ^[14] . In 2006, restoration work began ^[14] .

temple priests

• 1907 - A. I. Porozhetsky ^[6]
• ...
• - 1995 Vincent (Kuzmin) ^[15]
• 1995-2009 - Priest Igor Aladyin ^[15]

Military burial No. 19 is a fraternal cemetery of Soviet soldiers who died during the Soviet-Finnish and World War II (from March 1940 to August 1944). On memorial plaques 23 people were immortalized ^{[16] [K 5]} .

Stela at the entrance to the sanatorium - in memory of the stay in the sanatorium V.I. Lenin; built in the summer of 1970 ^[6] .

Addresses in the village do not have street names; the houses located in it (No. 1 - 20) are serviced by the post office of the village of Sosnovy Bor (19 Alexander Nevsky St., postcode 188826) ^{[17] [18]} .

Transport

There is a bus connection with Zelenogorsk - 5 daily flights, travel time 1:12 - 1:18 ^[19] ; the route passes through the center of a rural settlement ^[3] .

Nearest train stations:

• Cannellarvi (on the Zelenogorsk - Kirillovskoye - Vyborg line ) - is located 17 km from the village; bus communication with her is carried out with a change in Polyany ^[3] .
• Kuolayayarvi (on the line Zelenogorsk - Primorsk - Vyborg ) - is located 19 km from the village; bus communication with her is carried out with a transfer ^[20] .

• Bykov P. New sanatorium “Galila” for breast diseases // Niva : magazine. - 1889. - No. 35 . (Retrieved February 11, 2019)
• Leburde E. Church in the Halil Sanatorium // Builder Week . - 1893. - No. 22 . (Retrieved February 12, 2019)

• Neshataeva N. B. History of the sanatorium (Russian) . City tuberculosis sanatorium "Sosnovy Bor" (2017). Date of treatment February 10, 2019.
• Sanatorium Sosnovy Bor (St. Petersburg) (Russian) . Rest in Russia. Date of treatment February 10, 2019.
• Khalila village and health resort (rus.) . Halila Spa Treatment VN (August 11, 2009). Date of treatment February 13, 2019.