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King Lear

The King Lear ( The Tragedy of King Lear ) is a play by William Shakespeare written in 1605-1606 . Printed for the first time in 1608 . The plot of the tragedy was based on the legend of King Lear and his daughters.

King Lear
The tragedy of king learning
Genretragedy
AuthorWilliam Shakespeare
Original languageEnglish
Date of writing1608

The play was written in that era when changes were observed in English society: the old feudal aristocracy was losing power and wealth, while trying to revive the old order. It is possible that all this was reflected in this tragedy: the crazy king divided Britain between the Duke of Kornovalli and the Duke of Albania.

Story

Ford Madox Brown Lear and Cordelia

In Britain, around the 11th century [1], the legendary King Lear decides to retire and divide his kingdom between his three daughters, Regana, Gonerilla and Cordelia. To determine the size of their parts, he asks each of them to say how much she loves him. The two eldest daughters - Regan and Gonerilla - take this chance, and the youngest - Cordelia - refuses to flatter, saying that her love is higher than this. An angry father renounces his youngest daughter and chases Count Kent, who tried to intercede for Cordelia. Lear divides the kingdom between Regana and Goneril.

However, Lear soon realizes that the ostentatious love of the eldest and middle daughter ended as soon as he gave them his kingdom. Regan and Gonerilla give old Lear a very cold welcome and eventually expel his father from his own kingdom. In exile, Lyra is accompanied only by a faithful jester . Later they were joined by Earl of Kent and Earl of Gloucester.

Meanwhile, the illegitimate son of Gloucester Edmund stipulates his legal son - Edgar, and Edgar is put on the wanted list. To avoid being arrested, Edgar pretends to be crazy and joins Lear in exile.

Count Gloucester is caught. The Duke of Cornwall, instigated by Regana, orders his eyes to be torn out. Soon, the blinded Gloucester manages to escape. He is assisted by Edgar, who, however, pretends to be another and does not admit to the count that he is his son. After escaping, Gonerilla sends his servant Oswald to kill Gloucester, but Edgar defends his father and kills Oswald.

Having learned about everything, Cordelia leads the French troops to the sisters. During the battle, Cordelia and Lyra are taken prisoner. Edmund bribes the officer to kill the prisoners of Lear and Cordelia, depicting suicide. The Duke of Albania takes Edmund to clean water, revealing his atrocities, and Edgar defeats his brother in a duel. Before dying, Edmund wants to do a good deed - to frustrate his plan to kill Lear and Cordelia. But they don’t have time to save Cordelia, she’s already strangled. Regan is poisoned by Goneril, Goneril commits suicide by stabbing herself. Lear leaves the prison, holding the body of a strangled Cordelia, and dies of grief. Edmund is dying of wounds. Edgar talks about the death of his father, Gloucester, who did not bear all the misfortunes. The Earl of Kent, who devotedly loved the king, would also like to die, but the Duke of Albania strengthens Kent, restores all rights and leaves behind.

Characters

 
Cordelia . Painting by William F. Yims (1888)
  • Lear King of Britain
  • King of french
  • Duke of Burgundy
  • Duke of Cornwall
  • Duke of Albania
  • Earl of Kent
  • Earl of Gloucester
  • Edgar - son of Gloucester
  • Edmund - the second son of Gloucester
  • Kuran - the court
  • Old Man - Gloucester Tenant
  • Doctor
  • The jester
  • Oswald, Gonerilla's butler
  • Officer in the service of Edmund
  • Court of Cordelia Suite
  • Herald
  • Servants of the Duke of Cornwall
  • Retinue

Daughters of Lear:

  • Gonerilla
  • Regan
  • Cordelia

Translations into Russian

There are several translations of the play into Russian. Famous are the translations:

  • Nikolai Gnedich , translation-alteration under the name. "Léar" in French processing of Jean-Francois Duchey (St. Petersburg, 1808);
  • Alexander Druzhinin (St. Petersburg, 1857);
  • Sergei Yuriev (M., 1882);
  • Tatyana Schepkina-Kupernik (M.-L., 1937);
  • Boris Pasternak (M., 1949; Shakespeare W. Complete collection op. / Under the general editorship of A. Smirnov and A. Anikst. T. 6. - M., 1960);
  • Grigory Kruzhkov (M., 2013; prepared since the end of 2000).

Theatrical performances

First production

The first representation of the tragedy known to us dates back to December 26, 1606. Actors Richard Burbage ( Lear) , John Lowin (Gloucester), Henry Condel (Edgar), John Heming (Kent), William Sly (Edmund), Robert Armin (Jester) were engaged in the play ), Richard Cowley (Oswald), Alexander Cook (Cornwall), Semuel Gilburn (King of France) and the boys D. Wilson (Gonerilla), D. Edmans (Regana), D. Sando (Cordelia).

UK Performances

  • 2007 - Royal Shakespeare Company , director Trevor Nunn . Lear - Ian McKellen , Cordelia - Romola Garay . [2]
  • 2010 - Donmar Warehouse Theater, directed by Michael Grandage . Lear - Derek Jacoby . [3]
  • 2012 - Almeida, directed by Michael Attenborough. Lear - Jonathan Price , Cordelia - Phoebe Fox . [four]
  • 2014 - Royal National Theater , directed by Sam Mendes . Lear - Simon Russell Beale , Goneril - Kate Fleetwood , Regan - Anna Maxwell Martin , Jester - Adrian Scarborough . [five]
  • 2017-2018 - Chichester Festival Theater and Duke of York Theater ( London ), directed by Jonathan Manby. Lear - Ian McKellen , Kent - Sinead Cusack , Jester - Phil Daniels (Chichester), Edgar - Luke Thompson . [6]

Famous productions in Russia

Some famous productions:

  • On November 28, 1807, for the first time in Russia, in St. Petersburg (translation of NI Gnedich’s remake of the play from the French language, which, in turn, became a translation of the Shakespeare’s play by Duchey called “Léar” (in the main role - Shusherin ).
  • January 26, 1838 - Alexandrinsky Theater ; a translation close to the original of V. A. Karatygin , he is also the performer of the role of Lear.
  • January 4, 1839 - for the first time in Moscow; the same translation by V. A. Karatygin; Lear - P. Mochalov .
  • Alexandrinsky Theater (in a new translation by A.V. Druzhinin ): (1864; 1870, Lear - V. Samoilov ; 1899).
  • Maly Theater , translation by A.V. Druzhinin (1851, Lear - P. Sadovsky ; 1859, Lear - Poltavtsev ; 1895, Lear - Gorev )
  • 1876 - Moscow Artistic Circle (Lear - Charsky ).

Performances on provincial stages: in the theaters of Kazan, Kiev, Krasnoyarsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Odessa, Samara, Saratov, Revel, Tiflis, Kharkov, Yaroslavl and others in the entreprise of N. I. Ivanov , M. I. Kashirin , P. M. Medvedev , L. Yu. Mlotkovsky , N.I. Novikov , N.N. Sinelnikov , N.I. Sobolshchikov-Samarin , etc.

Among the performers of the role of Lear on the provincial scene: O. Abelyan , P. Adamyan (in Armenian); M. T. Ivanov-Kozelsky , D. M. Karamazov , N. K. Miloslavsky , N. P. Rossov , N. X. Rybakov , P. V. Samoilov ; K.T. Solenik (in Ukrainian) and others.

In 1861, M. A. Balakirev composed the music for the King Lear tragedy.

  • 1920 - Petrograd Bolshoi Drama Theater, director Andrei Lavrentiev , artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky ; Lear - Yuri Yuryev .
  • 1923 - The First Moscow Art Theater Studio (director Boris Sushkevich ; Lear - Illarion Pevtsov ).
  • 1927 - Vyatka Theater .
  • 1935 - State Jewish Theater (GOSET); director Sergey Radlov , artist Alexander Tyshler ; Lear - Solomon Mikhoels , buffoon - Veniamin Zuskin .
  • 1940 - Saratov Drama Theater Director - V. A. Darvishev, artist - E. K. Shabliovsky [7]
  • 1941 - Leningrad Bolshoi Drama Theater ; director Grigory Kozintsev , artist Nathan Altman ; Lear - Vasily Sofronov .
  • 1941 - Theater. Azizbekova (dir. Gripich; Lear - Alesker Alekperov , Sigdi Ruhulla )
  • 1945 and 1956 - Theater. Kamala (dir. Valerian Bebutov ; Lear - Khalil Abzhalilov )
  • Riga Theater (1954, director Sergei Radlov ; Lear - Yuri Yurovsky ).
  • 1958 - Mossovet Theater (director Irina Anisimova-Wulf , art director Andrei Goncharov ; Lear - Nikolai Mordvinov )
  • 1959 - Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater ( Kiev ) (Lear - Maryan Krushelnytsky )
  • 1972 - Piccolo di Milano
  • 1979 - Maly Theater , staged by Leonid Heifetz (King Lear - Mikhail Tsarev , Cordelia - Evgeny Glushenko )
  • 1997 - Ivan Franko National Academic Drama Theater ( Kiev ), staged by Sergey Danchenko (Lear - Bogdan Stupka )
  • 2006 - Russian State Theater "Satyricon" named after A. Raikin , staged by Yuri Butusov (Lear - Konstantin Raikin ) [8]
  • 2006 - Academic Maly Drama Theater - Theater of Europe , staged by Lev Dodin
  • CIRCA 2006 - Mossovet Theater. Stage Director Pavel Chomsky. Lear - Mikhail Kozakov. The performance is staged in modern costumes.
  • 2008 - Kolyada Theater ( Yekaterinburg ) [9]
  • 2009 - Perm State Puppet Theater ( Perm ) [10]
  • 2010 - Kharkov State Academic Puppet Theater named after V. A. Afanasyeva (director Oksana Dmitrieva , art. Natalia Denisova; Lear - Alexei Rubinsky )
  • 2011 - Brest Regional Puppet Theater [11]
  • 2016 - Theater-Studio Fringe ; Directing and scenography - Denis Bokuradze, costume designer - Elena Solovyova; cast - Daniil Bogomolov, Julia Bokuradze, Lyubov Tyuvilina, Ekaterina Kazhaeva, Sergey Pozdnyakov, Kirill Sterlikov, Vasily Yarov. [12] Laureate of the XXIV National Theater Award “Golden Mask” in the nomination Drama / Costume designer work in 2018 [13]

Films

  • 1909 - “ ” United Kingdom, director James Stuart Blackton , William Ranous , starring William Ranous , Cordelia - Julia Swan Gordon
  • 1910 - “ King Lear ” / Re Leir Italy directed by . Starring Ermete Novelli . Cordelia - Francesca Bertini
  • 1910 - “ ” Italy, dir .: . Starring Giuseppe De Ligoro
  • 1916 - “ ” USA, director . Starring , Cordelia -
  • 1948 - King Lear , United Kingdom, television movie, directed by . Starring , Cordelia -
  • 1953 - “ ” (USA) (episode from the television series , (adaptation of Peter Brook ) directed by Andrew McCullough, starring Orson Welles (debut on TV), Cordelia - Natasha Perry , Gonerilla - Beatrice Straight
  • 1965 - “ ” / Le roi Lear, Fration (TV), directed by . Starring: , Cordelia -
  • 1967 - “ King Lear ” / König Lear, Germany, (TV), director . Starring , Cordelia - , Gonerilla -
  • 1969 - King Lear / Koning Lear, Belgium (TV), directed by . Starring , Cordelia -
  • 1970 - “ King Lear ” - dir .: Grigory Kozintsev . Starring Yuri Yarvet .
  • 1971 - “ ”, Great Britain, Denmark - dir .: Peter Brook . Starring Paul Scofield , Iirini Worth - Gonerilla
  • 1983 - “ King Lear ” - dir .: Michael Elliott . Starring Lawrence Olivier .
  • 1985 - “ Ran ” - dir .: Akira Kurosawa .
  • 1987 - “ King Lear ” - dir .: Jean-Luc Godard .
  • 1987 - “King Lear” (film production) - dir. Robert Sturua Starring Ramaz Chkhikvadze .
  • 2008 - “ King Lear ” - dir .: Trevor Nunn . Starring Ian McKellen .
  • 2018 - King Lear - dir .: Richard Eyre . Starring Anthony Hopkins .

See also

  • Theater technology in the Shakespeare era

Notes

  1. ↑ Shakespeare W. Tragedies. Sonnets. - M.: Fiction , 1968. - S. 364
  2. ↑ Michael Billington. King Lear theguardian.com (November 27, 2007). Date of treatment November 12, 2018.
  3. ↑ Michael Billington. King Lear theguardian.com (December 8, 2010). Date of treatment November 12, 2018.
  4. ↑ Michael Billington. King Lear - review . theguardian.com (September 12, 2012). Date of treatment November 12, 2018.
  5. ↑ Michael Billington. King Lear theguardian.com (January 24, 2014). Date of treatment November 12, 2018.
  6. ↑ Ian McKellen's King Lear to be broadcast live and full cast announced , Ben Hewis, April 19, 2018
  7. ↑ Shakespeare
  8. ↑ Screensaver (unopened) . Date of treatment January 17, 2013. Archived January 20, 2013.
  9. ↑ Kolyada Theater: King Lear .
  10. ↑ King Lear (inaccessible link)
  11. ↑ The King and the Fool (neopr.) . Culture News in Brest . vb.by. Date of treatment August 5, 2017.
  12. ↑ The play "King Lear" - Theater-Studio "Fringe" (Russian) . theater-gran.ru. Date of treatment March 18, 2018.
  13. ↑ News (unopened) . Golden Mask. Date of appeal April 17, 2018.

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  • Gillies, John. Shakespeare on the Stages of Asia // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage / John Gillies, Ryuta Minami, Ruri Li … [и др. ] . — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 259–283. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.014 .
  • Marsden, Jean I. Improving Shakespeare: from the Restoration to Garrick // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 21–36. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.014 .
  • Moody, Jane. Romantic Shakespeare // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 37–57. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.003 .
  • Morrison, Michael A. Shakespeare in North America // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 230–258. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.013 .
  • O'Connor, Marion. Reconstructive Shakespeare: reproducing Elizabethan and Jacobean stages // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 76–97. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.005 .
  • Schoch, Richard W. Pictorial Shakespeare // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 58–75. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.004 .
  • Taylor, Gary. Shakespeare Plays on Renaissance Stages // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 1–20. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.001 .
  • Thomson, Peter. The Comic Actor and Shakespeare // The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare on Stage. — Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2002. — P. 137–154. — ISBN 9780511999574 . — DOI : 10.1017/CCOL0521792959.008 .
  • Wollaston, Sam King Lear review – Anthony Hopkins is shouty, vulnerable and absolutely mesmerising (неопр.) . The Guardian (28 мая 2018). Дата обращения 7 ноября 2018.

Links

  • Махов А. Е. Мак-Ичерн К. Фигуры верности: вера в «Короле Лире»
  • Текст пьесы «Король Лир»
  • Трагедия «Король Лир» в русских переводах в Информационно-исследовательской базе данных «Русский Шекспир»
  • Спектакль «Король Лир» на сайте Максима Аверина
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Король_Лир&oldid=101576322


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Clever Geek | 2019