Content
- 1 With bonded tubes
- 2 From individual tubes
- 3 notes
- 4 Literature
A multi-barrel flute is a flute musical instrument consisting of several connected or separate tubes, usually without finger holes. The lower ends of the tubes may be open or closed [1] .
A stream of air is directed to the upper sections of the tubes. Each tube emits one basic tone, the height of which depends on the length, diameter of the tube and on whether the tube is closed from the bottom or not. By changing the angle of the air stream to the tube section, the pitch can be reduced by half a tone. The instrument is tuned by moving plugs or adjusting the amount of beeswax in the tubes.
Some historical (rare) types of such flutes instead of an open top cut have whistle devices on each tube. In addition, a multi-barrel flute with a common blow hole (one mouthpiece ) for four tubes with finger holes is known [2] .
A multi-barrel flute must be distinguished from a double flute with whistle devices on the tubes.
Flute of Pan from the Solomon Islands . First half of the 19th century
European model of the beginning of the XXI century
Double Row South American Samponya
With fastened tubes
Syringa is an ancient Greek common name for single-barrel and multi-barrel flutes, the tubes of which were fastened with wax [3] .
Pan Flute - European [3] common name for multi-barrel flutes with fastened tubes [1] [4] . It happened on behalf of the ancient Greek god Pan .
Nai - Moldavian and Romanian multi-barrel flute [5] .
Samponya is the Spanish name for the multi-barrel flute of the Central Andes . Aimar names are shiku (for small and medium sized instruments) and ayarichi (for large flutes). Consists of two rows of tubes. In each row, an average of 6-8 tubes. The tubes of one row are usually two times shorter than the tubes of the other row and accordingly sound an octave higher. The lower ends of the tubes can be open or closed [6] .
Larchemi (with reeds “reed” by the Georgian Lertsy ) is the Mingrelian (West Georgian) shepherd flute. It consists of 6 tubes: two long in the middle and two on both sides, gradually shortening [7] . Soinari (possibly from the “pipe” solinari ) is a Gurian (West Georgian) shepherd flute similar to the larchemi [8] .
From individual tubes
Kugikly is a Russian instrument of 2–5 loose tubes [9] .
Missing is the Lithuanian flute [10] .
Kuima Chipsan (from the Komi language “three-barrel whistle” [11] ) [12] and Pelyanyas (peelyannez [9] ) are flutes of the Komi-Zyryan and Komi-Permyaks [13] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Big Russian Encyclopedia, 2017 .
- ↑ Mus. Inst., 2008 , Multi-barrel flute.
- ↑ 1 2 Mus. Inst., 2008 , Syrinx, p. 512.
- ↑ Mus. Inst., 2008 , Flute Pan, p. 629.
- ↑ Nye // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 21. - M. , 2012 .-- S. 700.
- ↑ Mus. Inst., 2008 , Flute Pan, p. 631.
- ↑ Mus. Inst., 2008 , Larchemi, p. 331-332.
- ↑ Mus. Inst., 2008 , Soinari, p. 531.
- ↑ 1 2 Kugikly // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 16. - M. , 2010 .-- S. 247.
- ↑ Boredom // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 30. - M. , 2015 .-- S. 380.
- ↑ Mus. Inst., 2008 , Quima Chipsan, p. 315.
- ↑ Chistalev P.I. Aerophones // Komi folk musical instruments. - Syktyvkar: Komi book publishing house, 1984. - 104 p.
- ↑ Mus. Inst., 2008 , Paljan, p. 462-463.
Literature
- Multi-barrel flute (p. 425-426). Flute Pan (p. 426) // Big Russian Encyclopedia. Volume 33. - M. , 2017.
- Multi-barrel flute (p. 628-629). Flute Pan (p. 629-631) // Musical instruments. Encyclopedia. - M .: Deka-VS, 2008 .-- 786 p.