Gracheva pre - apartment building - a building in the center of Moscow at the intersection of Petrovka Street and Stoleshnikov Lane . The only known work in the capital of the architect-engineer Emanuel Rosen was commissioned by Alexandra Stepanovna Gracheva [1] [2] . Has the status of a valuable city-forming object. The building is notable not so much for its architectural appearance, as for the rich history of tenants and associated outstanding historical figures [3] .
| Sight | |
| Apartment building Alexandra Gracheva | |
|---|---|
 Corner facade of the Gracheva apartment building in 2009 | |
| A country |  Russia |
| Location | Moscow , st. Petrovka , d. 15/13 |
| Architectural style | Modern |
| Architect | Emanuel Rosen |
| Building | 1901 - 1903 |
| Height | 5 floors |
Moscow historian Sergei Romaniuk writes that in the 1770s, land ownership under the future apartment building Gracheva belonged to the recorder A. E. Levshin , and at the beginning of the XIX century - to the publisher Andrei Gordeevich Reshetnikov. Son inherited possession from him [4] . Until the middle of the century, the site was built up with one- and two-story buildings. Since the beginning of the 1860s, the England Hotel has been located in one of the small houses on the corner of Stoleshnikov Lane and Petrovka . Her descriptions are found in the memoirs of Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin , as well as in Leo Tolstoy in Anna Karenina : Steve Oblonsky invited Levin there. The hotel rooms were rented mainly by the ladies of half the world [5] . Visiting a certain Charlotte Altenroz, June 25, 1855, died General Mikhail Skobelev [6] .
At the very beginning of the XX century, the old buildings were demolished, in their place the construction of a new apartment building began. By that time, the owner of the entire land plot was already Alexander Grachev from a prosperous merchant dynasty. As an architect, she invited Emanuel Rosen, who repeatedly collaborated with her family [7] .
The house consists of two buildings, built at different times: the first was built part from the side of Stoleshnikov Lane, after it - overlooking Petrovka. You can determine the junction by the obvious "seam" and a slightly different facade finish. The building is quite restrained, the aesthetics of Art Nouveau are given out by arched windows and smooth bends of cornices. The line of the upper floor is emphasized by a decorative lattice of a deliberately unfinished pattern [8] [9] .
The building was intended for rental and in its history has changed many tenants. Immediately after the completion of construction, the Marseille hotel was located in it. It is known that before the 1917 revolution, Alexander Vertinsky lived in it [10] . Spacious halls of the second and third floors were rented for various events. For example, in December 1902 - January 1903, the building hosted the exhibition "Architecture and the Art Industry of the New Style", after which Art Nouveau finally established itself as the leading trend in metropolitan architecture, and in February 1905, the exhibition of the Union of Russian Artists . Also until 1917, the house was rented by the clothing store "Jacques", known in the capital and beyond along with " Mur and Meriliz " [11] .
In 1904, the building opened one of the first metropolitan theaters “Taumotograf” of the German Alexander Rosenwald, whose hall accommodated 60 spectators [12] [13] . In 1905, Gracheva sold the building to the Anchor insurance company [10] . The first Kodak company store operated in the building on the Petrovka side, a sign for which was created by British architect [1] [2] . In 1906-1908, on the side of Stoleshnikov Lane, the Rodnik art store worked, the works for which were created in the workshops of Princess Maria Tenisheva [14] [15] .
After the revolution, the building was nationalized , the first floors were given over to offices, then they were again occupied by clothing and shoe stores. Currently, part of the premises in the building belongs to the Moscow Chamber of Commerce and Industry , the rest are occupied by shops. In 2000, Walton's historic wooden frame was dismantled. In February 2016, part of the 15 m² ceiling collapsed in the conference room of the second floor. According to expert reviews, the cause of the collapse was a poor-quality repair [16] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Nashokina, 2011 .
- ↑ 1 2 Nashchokina M.V., 2008 , p. 284.
- ↑ Moscow Heritage, 2013 , p. 102.
- ↑ Rozhkova, 2015 , p. 86.
- ↑ Gilyarovsky, 2018 .
- ↑ Guzel Agisheva. The "White General" returned to snowy Moscow . The newspaper Trud (December 12, 2014). Date of treatment January 16, 2019.
- ↑ Romaniuk, 2015 .
- ↑ Stoleshnikov Lane in Moscow: a small street with a long history . RIA Real Estate (April 8, 2011). Date of treatment January 15, 2019.
- ↑ Architects of Moscow Art Nouveau, 2005 , p. 393.
- ↑ 1 2 Fochkin, 2015 , p. 151.
- ↑ Taller, 2017 , p. 28.
- ↑ Fedosyuk, 2009 .
- ↑ Konstantin Kudryashov. Fatherland of illusions: a hundred years ago, cinema was considered a frivolous business . “Arguments and Facts” (April 1, 2009). Date of treatment January 15, 2019.
- ↑ Konstantinov, 1973 .
- ↑ Irina Ogurtsova. Stoleshnikov Lane: chic, shine, beauty ... . CIAN (October 7, 2011). Date of treatment January 15, 2019.
- ↑ Ekaterina Petrova. The ceiling with history was repaired carefully . The newspaper "Evening Moscow" (February 14, 2016). Date of treatment January 15, 2019.
Literature
- Alphabetical Index of Cultural Heritage Sites of Moscow // Moscow Heritage Department of Cultural Heritage of Moscow / chapters. ed. I. Mironseva. - LLC “Uniq Media Atelier”, 2013. - No. 29 . - S. 102 .
- Gilyarovsky V.A. Moscow and Muscovites. Reporting from the past . - M .: AST, 2018 .-- ISBN 978-5-17-106295-8 .
- Konstantinov K. Talashkinsky hide // Journal "Around the World". - 1973. - December.
- Nashchokina M.V. Moscow Art Nouveau. - 3rd ed. - SPb. : Kolo , 2011 .-- S. 459-460. - 792 p. - ISBN 978-5-901841-65-5 .
- Nashchokina M.V. Alone with the muse of architectural history . - M .: Ulei, 2008 .-- S. 284. - ISBN 978-5-91529-002-9 .
- Nashchokina M.V. Rosen Emanuel Matveevich // Architects of Moscow Art Nouveau: creative portraits . - 3. - Giraffe, 2005 .-- S. 393. - 537 p. - 2500 copies. - ISBN 5-89832-043-1 . - ISBN 9785898320430 .
- Rozhkova T. I. The reputation of the book publisher and the literary process of the late XVIII - early XIX centuries .: A. G. Reshetnikov // Journal “Text. Book. Book Publishing. " - 2015 .-- S. 86 . - DOI : 10.17223 / 23062061/8/7 .
- Romanyuk S.K. Chistye Prudy. From Worktops to Chistye Prudy . - Centerpolygraph, 2015. - ISBN 978-5-227-05137-0 .
- Taller A. Moscow Art Nouveau. Apartment building A. S. Gracheva // Parish newspaper / chapters. ed. A. Borisov. - M. , 2017. - August ( No. 111 ). - S. 28 .
- Fedosyuk Yu. A. Moscow in the Garden Ring. Travel Guide - AST, 2009 .-- 448 p. - ISBN 978-5-17-057365-3 .
- Fochkin O. House of Porcelain on Myasnitskaya // City Legends . - M .: Ripol-classic, 2015 .-- S. 151. - 628 p. - ISBN 978-5-386-08511-7 .
Links
- Photos of the building in 2013
- The plot of the house in the project "Once Upon a Time" radio "Culture"