The Upland Cemetery [1] ( azerb. Dağüstü qəbiristanlıq ) or Pir-Vanzari Cemetery [2] is a multi-confessional cemetery that was located in the city of Baku until the first half of the 1930s . The cemetery was located on top of the Baku hill, known as Pirvyanzyari, southwest of the village of Chamberkend , a suburb of Baku.
| Highland cemetery | |
|---|---|
| azerb. Dağüstü qəbiristanlıq | |
 | |
| A country | Azerbaijan |
| City | Baku |
| Coordinates | |
| Neighborhood | Chamberkend |
| Established | 1883 |
| Former names | Pir Wanzari |
| Square | 0.160 km² |
| National composition | Azerbaijanis , Armenians , Russians , Germans , Poles , Jews , Turks , British |
| Confessional composition | Muslims , Armenian Gregorians , Orthodox , Catholics , Lutherans , Molokans , Jews |
| Current status | demolished in the first half of the 1930s |
| Reburial from | Chamberkend cemetery |
| Reburial at | Alley of Honor , Bilajar cemetery |
On the plan of the city of Baku in 1899, compiled by the city engineer Colonel Nikolai von der Nonne , it can be seen that the cemetery in this period consisted of a number of sections: Muslim, Armenian-Gregorian, Orthodox, Catholic, Lutheran, Jewish and Molokan. Also in the cemetery there were several chapels [3] .
In the first half of the 1930s, the cemetery was demolished, and in this place a park named after S. M. Kirov was laid out. In 1990, on the former Muslim part of the cemetery, the bodies of victims of the Black January tragedy, and subsequently those who died during the Karabakh conflict, were buried. Today, this territory is known as the Martyrs Avenue .
Content
Cemetery History
History
In the August issues of the Caspian Baku newspaper in 1882, it was noted that the location of the Chamberkend cemetery in close proximity to residential buildings is harmful to the population [4] [5] . The newspaper, in particular, noted that cemeteries, especially Russian ones, begin right from the roofs of the last city houses and to enter the cemetery from the embankment, it is enough to climb the front step of the first house to directly jump to the graves from the last step, and one a step from the roof of any of those houses is enough to end up in a cemetery [4] .
Many residents told newspaper correspondents that in extreme heat there was a strong stench of cadaverous decomposition [4] . It was also indicated that the cemetery did not have a special department for those who died from epidemic diseases. The newspaper proposed to allocate a new place for the cemetery behind the crest of the same mountain, on the slope of which the cemetery was located [5] .
On September 27, 1882, at the second regular meeting of the Baku City Council , the question of transferring the Chamberkerek cemetery to a new place was considered. A new place was chosen behind the cemetery [6] .
In the June issue of the Caspian newspaper in 1883, the Baku City Government announced that, due to the decision of the Sanitary Committee and according to the sentences of the Baku City Duma , all Muslim and Christian cemeteries existing in the city of Baku under the outskirts of Chamberkend have been closed forever on July 1. The new burial had to be done at newly selected places on the square of Mount Pirken-Dawn (Pirvzyanzyari) above the Chamberrend. The burial of the dead in old cemeteries was already strictly prohibited [7] .
Further History
On August 8, 1883, a chapel was opened at the cemetery for the anatomy of corpses, where all the deceased who were to be dissected began to go. The room of the Mikhailovsky hospital, where the corpses were anatomized before, was closed [2] .
In the early 1910s, on the site of the Muslim part of the Chamberkend cemetery, it was decided to build a building for the Saadet Muslim Theological School. One Friday, people gathered at the cemetery, Akhund said a prayer, after which the relatives and friends of the deceased transferred the remains to the Nagorny cemetery, and empty graves were razed to the ground [8] and the foundation of the school building was laid on December 23, 1912 [9] .
In 1918, on the Muslim site of the cemetery, the bodies of victims of the March events were buried [10] . In September of the same year, the bodies of Turkish Ottoman soldiers killed in the Battle of Baku were buried in the cemetery (in 1999, an obelisk memorial was erected at this place) [11] , and the bodies of British soldiers who died in the Catholic cemetery were buried. the same battle (today the Flaming Towers are located at this place) [12] .
Cemetery Demolition
In the first half of the 30s of the XX century, the Nagorny cemetery was demolished, and in its place the Nagorny Park named after S. M. Kirov was broken [13] . The design of this park was started in 1931 by the architect L. A. Ilyin [14] . According to Ilyin himself, on the first day of his second visit to Baku, the top of the Baku hill was an abandoned site, "where forgotten tombstones lay side by side" [15] . In those years, it was noted that these old cemeteries had long survived all the deadlines set for their existence and occupied an unjustifiably dominant position over the entire city [13] . Later, a monument to Sergey Kirov was erected on the territory of the new park and the Friendship of Peoples restaurant was built [10] .
The bodies of many were reburied in other cemeteries of the city, for example, the body of Musa Nagiyev buried here was reburied in the cemetery of the village of Biladzhary [16] . The remains of a number of famous personalities such as Huseyn Arablinsky , Jalil Mammadkulizade , Abdurragim-bek Akhverdiev were reburied on the Alley of Honor . However, the graves of such people as Samed-beck Mehmandarov [17] , Ziver-bek Akhmedbekov [18] , Alirza Rasizade , were lost.
In 1990, in the former Muslim part of the cemetery, the bodies of victims of the Black January tragedy [19] , and subsequently those who died during the Karabakh conflict, were buried. Today, this territory is known as the Martyrs Avenue .
Notes
- ↑ Kuliev G.A. Trees and shrubs of Baku wasteland // Transactions of AzFAN of Azerbaijan SSR. - 1935. - T. XXV . - S. 159 .
- ↑ 1 2 Information from the Baku City Government // Caspian: newspaper. - 1883. - August 10 ( No. 90 ).
- ↑ Plan of the existing and projected location of the provincial city of Baku. 1898-1900 / compiled by Colonel Von der Nonne. - B .: State Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan for Geodesy and Cartography, 1992.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Something about the “city of the dead” // Caspian Sea: newspaper. - 1882. - August 27 ( No. 91 ).
- ↑ 1 2 Something about the “city of the dead” // Caspian Sea: newspaper. - 1882. - August 29 ( No. 92 ).
- ↑ Article on the transfer of a cemetery // Caspian Sea: newspaper. - 1882. - September 29 ( No. 105 ).
- ↑ Announcement of the Baku City Council on the closure of the cemetery // Caspian Sea: newspaper. - 1883. - June 22 ( No. 69 ).
- ↑ Suleymanov M. Days past. - B .: Azerneshr, 1990 .-- S. 159. - 344 p.
- ↑ Bookmark of the Saadet building // Caspian: newspaper. - 1912. - December 23.
- ↑ 1 2 Smith, 2001 , p. 101.
- ↑ Heydər Əliyev Bakıdakı Türk Şəhidliyi haqda nələr demişdi? (Azerb.) // Modern.az. - 2009 .-- 26 oktyabr.
- ↑ Səfəroğlu X. Bakıda həlak olan ingilis əsgərlərinin dəfni: 1918-ci il, “Alov Qüllələri” nin ərazisi (azerb.) // Strateq.az. - 2017 .-- 7 fevral.
- ↑ 1 2 Kovalskaya-Ilyina P.V. Decorative plantings of Baku // Transactions of the Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. - 1938. - T. III . - S. 66 .
- ↑ G. Aleskerov. Development of the planning and development of Baku for the Soviet years (1920-1950) // News of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. - 1962 .-- S. 10 .
- ↑ Ilyin L. A. Elements of architecture // Our achievements : journal. - 1935. - No. 4 . - S. 129 .
- ↑ Nuri E. Ağa Musa Nağıyevin yeni büstü və beşinci məzarı (azerb.) // Moderator.az. - 2016 .-- 14 dekabr.
- ↑ Nazirli S. The fate of the general // Kaspiy.az. - 2015. - December 6.
- ↑ Əhmədov H. Təzəpirin məşhur memarı niyə intihar etmişdi? - Nəvəsi gizli məqamları danışır (azerb.) // Azvision.az. - 2017 .-- 17 aprel.
- ↑ Smith, 2001 , p. 109.
Literature
- Smith M. Memory of losses and Azerbaijani society // Azerbaijan and Russia: societies and states / Otv. ed. and comp. D.E. Furman. - M .: Summer Garden, 2001. - ISBN 5-94381-025-0 .