Teltow (historical area)

Borders

Teltow is not a single region, either from a historical or from a landscape point of view. The modern term is defined as the plateau of the Ice Age , which consists mainly of elements of the land moraine. Its natural northern boundary is defined by the Tempelhofer Berg Range, among which is Kreuzberg, up to 66 m (217 ft) along the southern coast of the Spree . In the east, the borders are formed by the Dame rivers, and also Havel and Nuthe in the west. In the southwest, the countryside around Pfefferfliss is also considered part of Teltow, although it does not have clear boundaries. The regional border in the south is uncertain because the moraines here were often eroded as a result of the urothermal processes. For example, there are many small island plateaus. The historic border usually passes through Baruth Urstromtal. Further south is Fleming's wasteland.

The Havel River separates the Teltow from the Nauen Plateau in the north-west. The Nizlin-Neplitskaya lowland, characteristic of the urstromtal, separates it from the sandy Tauhe plateau in the south-west, and the Berlin Urshtromtal forms the border with the Barnim plateau in the north-east.

However, it is disputed whether the Muggelberg hills, which are at an altitude of 115 m (377 ft) above sea level, in the south-east of Berlin are part of the Teltow. From a geological point of view, they are certainly part of it, because the hills have a similar history of development. However, these elevations are completely isolated in Berlin Ustromtal. If the Dahme River is considered the eastern border of the Teltow, then Müggelberg is not part of the Teltow either geologically or from the point of view of historical development ^[2] .

Geology, geomorphology and soil

Bedrock

One of the geological features is Sperenberg Hill, 80 meters high, on the northern edge of Barut Urstromtal. What is unique for Brandenburg, because the hill is made of plaster . An ascending salt column of the Zechstein epoch laid here more and more recent sediments to form the salt dome. Since all soluble salts were leached, only the remainder of the solution remained on the surface of the gypsum. Rock salt is found only at a depth of 45 m (about 0 meters above sea level). The gypsum hill is also of interest to science, since it was here, in 1867, that the first well in the world was drilled to a depth of 1000 meters. It was found that the geothermal gradient is about 3 K / 100 meters.

Sperenberg gypsum was mined in 1957 in several quarries. Other salt domes that do not quite reach the surface are found beneath Mittenwalde and Lake Blankensee. However, for the geological structure of the Teltow, they are of secondary importance.

Icing

Although the deeply buried sediments of the Elster glacial period have practically no effect on the current appearance of Teltow, the underground sand and gravel deposits of the so-called Berlin Elbe region are found on a vast territory. These deposits were formed between the ice attacks of Elster and Saale, when the Elbe flowed north from the place of modern Torgau and crossed the Fleming area, which did not exist yet. These deposits are of great economic importance both for groundwater conduits and for the building materials industry. But they surface only in a small sand pit in Lindenberg, near Jonsdorf.

The old layers of the Elbe are covered with very thick (40 meters or more) sediments of the ice age of the Saale. These are usually deposits of proglacial lakes or glacial deposits. At some points they even break through the Weichzell deposits and immediately find themselves on the surface of the earth or at least very close to it (for example, in the Glynike near Tsossen ). Since the Zaalsky ice has strongly pushed the underlying sediments, tertiary deposits are found on the surface in some places. For example, brown coal was mined in Shenkendorf near Königs Wusterhausen in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th centuries.

Weiksel's icing and postglacial development

The current Telto plateau in Brandenburg-Berlin formed about 20,000 years ago during the Brandenburg glaciation of Weixel. The Veyksel ice cap advanced south directly through the Teltow before reaching the northern edge of Barut Urstromtal, the limit of its expansion to the south. End moraines can be found there, for example, around Dobbrikov in Luckenwalde (Weinberg) and near Sperenberg. However, the line of terminal moraines is very heterogeneous and an ice front can be traced. In the north are ground moraines, which were deposited over a large area. Only to the south of Ludwigsfelde does the adjacent Teltow ground moraine plateau begin.

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