Topir [1] [2] , Topir [3] , Toper [4] [5] ( other Greek Τόπειρος, Τόπειρα, Τοπηρίς, Τόπειρον, Τόπηρος ) is an ancient city in Thrace , near the small town of Avdira . Many historians believe that he was near Komotini .
| Ancient city | |
| Topir | |
|---|---|
| Greek Τόπειρος | |
| A country | Greece |
History
In the area between Lake Vistonis in the east and the Nestos River in the west in ancient times, the Thracian tribes [6] (near Lake Vistonis) and Sapei [6] (west of Lake Vistonis and up to the Nestos River) lived. In the mountains of the same region, the tribes lived in the Thracian tribes [7] (in the northeast, in the valley of the Travos river ( Τραύος ), flowing through the valley and flowing from the north into Lake Vistonis [8] ), in the north and diya in the valley of Nestos [9] .
The center of the Satrean Union was a village located at the River (Kossinf) [2] , at the entrance to the gorge leading to the interior of the highlands. This village in the archaic period was called Para ( Πάρα ), which meant “passage, pass” [9] .
Over time, the name of the village was changed to Topir ( Τόπαρα ή Τόπειρος ) with the same meaning [9] .
In 100 BC e. the village was crossed by the Egnatieva road and Topir turned into a prosperous city. Due to its strategic position, at the beginning of the II century BC. e. Topir was rebuilt by Emperor Trajan , as part of the provincial policy aimed at the urbanization of Thrace. As part of this, the territory stretching on both banks of the Nestos River has become a dense network of rural settlements and fortresses. South of the village of Paradisos , near the river Nestos , you can still find Roman and Byzantine ruins [10] . Topir minted his own coins (II century BC. E.) [9] .
During the Roman and Early Byzantine period, Topir was known as one of the most important cities in southwestern Thrace. In 549-550 years. the city of Topir (as well as the nearby and Trayanopol (Trayanopolis)) was destroyed by the Slavs , up to 15 thousand men were killed on the spot, and children and women were enslaved for the Danube [5] [2] . In 552, Justinian I restored Topir, fortified it with high walls and built a gallery on the arches of the walls [4] [9] .
In the VIII century, Topir was rebuilt after an earthquake or a raid by barbarians and renamed to Rusion ( Ρούσιον ). Later, Rusion was renamed the city of Xanthia ( Ξάνθεια ). This name is mentioned in the documents of the Council of Constantinople in 879, where Bishop Georgios ( Γεώργιος ) was present [9] .
See also
- Xanthi
Notes
- ↑ Pliny the Elder . Natural history. IV, 11
- ↑ 1 2 3 Tsypin, Vladislav Alexandrovich . History of Europe: pre-Christian and Christian: in 16 volumes / archpriest Vladislav Tsypin. - M .: Publishing House of the Sretensky Monastery, 2016 .-- ISBN 978-5-7533-0580-0 .
- ↑ Strabo . Geography. VII, Fr. 44
- ↑ 1 2 Procopius of Caesarea . About the buildings. IV, 14-17
- ↑ 1 2 Procopius of Caesarea . The war with the Goths. III, 38, 9
- ↑ 1 2 Strabo . Geography. VII, Fr. 43
- ↑ Herodotus . Story. V 3, 4
- ↑ Herodotus . Story. VII 109
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Η ιστορία της πόλης (Greek) . Δήμος Ξάνθης. Date of treatment January 13, 2019.
- ↑ Σαμσάρης, Δημήτρης Κων. Ιστορική γεωγραφία της Δυτικής Θράκης κατά τη ρωμαϊκή αρχαιότητα. - Θεσσαλονίκη: Γιαχούδη, 2005 .-- P. 79-91.