Central television of the USSR

Background (1931-1939)

On May 1, 1931, the first experimental television transmission of mechanical television in the USSR, without sound , took place. On October 1, 1931, the USSR Radio Committee on medium waves launched Gorky Television, broadcasting daily with sound for 30 minutes a day, and later broadcasting 12 times a month for 60 minutes. In December 1933, television broadcasting in Moscow ceased due to the fact that the creation of electronic television was recognized as more promising. However, since the industry had not yet mastered the new television equipment, on February 11, 1934, medium-wave transmission resumed. On February 11, 1934, the Moscow Television Department of the USSR Radio Committee was established. In 1938, experimental television broadcasts of electronic television were held .

Moscow Telecentre (1939-1949)

On March 10, 1939, the Moscow Telecentre (ITC) was created as part of the All-Union Radio, launching the ultra-short-wave television channel of the same name, which was attended by programs and the Leningrad television center. April 1, 1941 ITC stopped broadcasting on medium waves ^[1] . After the start of World War II, broadcasting was discontinued, resumed on May 7, 1945, and has been broadcasting regularly since December 15. In December 1948, the Moscow television center suspended broadcasts during the reconstruction.

Moscow Department of Broadcasting (1949-1951)

In 1949, the ITC was withdrawn from the Radio Committee of the USSR and became subordinate to the Ministry of Communications, however, it retained only technical functions, and the production of broadcasts was transferred to the Moscow department of television broadcasting, which remained part of the Radio Committee of the USSR, on June 16, 1949 the broadcast was transferred to the standard 625 lines.

Central Television Studio (1951-1965)

On March 22, 1951, the Central Television Studio was established as part of the USSR Radio Committee. Since January 1, 1955, Gorky Television has been broadcasting daily. On February 14, 1956, the USSR Radio Control launched the Moscow program ; Gorky Television became known as the I program . February 14, 1956 began broadcasting the II program of Central Television. Broadcasts were conducted only in the evening and were intended mainly for residents of Moscow and the Moscow region. On August 12, 1960, the ITC was transferred to the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company, and the Radio Transmitting Unit was transformed into the Moscow Radio Broadcasting Station (MRPST) of the USSR Ministry of Communications.

Central Television (1965-1991)

In 1965, the Central Television Studio was abolished, on the basis of its thematic editorial offices in the direct subordination of the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting, thematic main editorial offices were created. In the second half of the 1950s - the first half of the 1960s, the first program began broadcasting throughout the European part of the USSR, and from November 2, 1967 - throughout the USSR. On March 29, 1965, the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting Program launched the III (training) program , and on November 4, 1967, the IV program , which basically showed repetitions of the First Program , broadcasting on both channels covered Moscow and the Moscow Region. From October 1, 1967, broadcasting of the first program, and by January 1, broadcasting of the remaining programs was transferred to the SECAM standard.

On January 25, 1971, the Technical Program began broadcasting in Moscow, which was used as a technical channel during the Olympics-80 and where the Open Tennis Championships of England and France were broadcast (already in perestroika, without commentators and in full). In 1971, the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting Agency launched a double of the first program in the Orbit system (Orbit-1) for the Urals, Central Asia and part of Kazakhstan, taking into account the time zone difference (+2 hours from Moscow time ), and by January 1, 1976 she also launched three more doubles of the first program (“Orbit-2, -3, -4”) specifically for the eastern territories of the USSR with a temporary shift of +8, +6 and +4 hours. On January 1, 1978, all programs and programs of the Central Television of the USSR switched to color broadcasting.

On January 1, 1982, the IV program received the status of the second all-Union one, was transferred to the second channel and became known as the Second program; the former second program was renamed according to the theme of the Moscow and transferred to the third channel, its broadcasting remained in Moscow, Moscow, Ryazan and Kalinin regions; The educational program was transferred from the third to the fourth channel. The USSR State Radio and Television also launched four doubles of the II program for the eastern territories (“Double-1, -2, -3, -4”).

Television Ostankino (1991-1996)

On September 16, 1991, the Second Channel of Central Television stopped broadcasting, after which the entire second television button went to Russian Television , the channel was called RTR, and the production of programs was transferred to VGTRK .

December 26, 1991 was the last day of broadcasting the remaining three DT programs. In connection with the reorganization of the All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company into the Ostankino television company, the “First Program of the Central Television” was called “The 1st Channel of Ostankino ”, “The Moscow Program of the Central Television” - “ MTK ” (MTK), and the “Fourth Program of the Central Television” - “ Channel 4 ” Ostankino . "

In early 1992, the Studio of Moscow Television Programs was separated from the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company into the Moscow State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company Moscow (RMTK Moscow), which included the Moscow Television Channel (formerly Moscow Central Television Program) and regional windows on Radio Russia in Moscow and the Moscow Region. On July 6, 1992, the morning, afternoon, and most of the evening airtime on weekdays was broadcast to the then-created television channel Russian Universities, specializing mainly in educational programs, Channel 4 Ostankino began to air only from 22:00 on weekdays and from 9:00 on weekends, continuing to show mainly repetitions of the programs of the 1st Channel of Ostankino and entertainment programs, in addition, the 4th Channel of Ostankino received all the broadcasts on the fourth channel on the weekend. On January 17, 1994, the morning and afternoon broadcasts of the fourth channel were broadcasted by the All-Russian State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company (which broadcasted as Russian Universities as a channel), and the evening broadcasts were broadcast by NTV, a private television company . On April 1, 1995, Ostankino Channel 1 was broadcast on Russian Public Television. Some time after the abolition of the Ostankino State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company on October 12, 1995, the Ostankino Television Program Directorate was abolished during 1996.

The Central heating center of the USSR broadcasted according to 12 programs, 8 of which were intended for remote regions of the country taking into account the local time.

• " The first program of the DH " - the flagship television channel; informational, socio-political and educational-entertaining. Launched on March 22, 1951 . The main channel broadcasted to the European part of the RSFSR and the USSR; there were 4 doubles taking into account standard time:
  • Orbit-1 - for the Far East;
  • Orbit-2 - for Eastern Siberia;
  • Orbit-3 - for Central Asia and Western Siberia;
  • Orbit-4 - for the Urals, Central Asia and the European part of Kazakhstan;
• " The second program of the DH " - the second flagship television channel; informational, socio-political and educational-entertaining. Launched on February 14, 1956 . The channel’s broadcasting grid contained regional windows unified for all republics of the USSR. The main channel broadcasted to the European part of the RSFSR and the USSR; there were 4 doubles taking into account standard time:
  • Double-1 - for the Far East;
  • Double-2 - for Eastern Siberia;
  • Double-3 - for Central Asia and Western Siberia;
  • Double-4 - for the Urals, Central Asia and the European part of Kazakhstan;
• “ Moscow Central Television Program ” - a regional television channel; informational, socio-political and educational-entertaining. Launched on March 29, 1965 . He broadcast on the territory of Moscow, as well as in the Moscow, Ryazan and Tver (Kalinin) regions.
• "The fourth program of the DH " is an educational and informative entertainment channel. Launched on November 4, 1967 . He broadcast to the European part of the RSFSR and the USSR.

In addition to the four main programs, part of the programs in Moscow were broadcast irregularly under the “ Sixth Program of the Central Television ”. Also, programs for the Leningrad program were broadcast to the European part of the RSFSR.

• from 1953 to May 16, 1957 - Radio Information Department of the USSR Ministry of Culture;
• May 16, 1957 - April 18, 1962 - Committee on Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
• April 18, 1962 - October 9, 1962 - State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on broadcasting and television;
• October 9, 1965 - July 12, 1970 - Committee on Broadcasting and Television under the Council of Ministers of the USSR;
• July 12, 1970 - July 5, 1978 - the Union-Republican State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on television and radio broadcasting;
• July 5, 1978 - March 7, 1991 - USSR State Committee on Television and Radio Broadcasting ;
• March 7 - December 27, 1991 - The All-Union State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company .

Directors of the Central Television Studio:

• 1956-1958 ^[2] - Vladimir Osminin
• 1958-1960 - George Ivanov ^[3]
• 1960s - 1980s - Peter Shabanov

Deputy Chairmen of the USSR State Committee on Television and Radio Broadcasting, who oversaw Central Television:

• Konstantin Kuzakov (1961-1962)
• Vyacheslav Chernyshov (1962-1965)
• George Ivanov (1965-1970) ^[4]
• Enver Mammadov (1970-1985) ^[5]
• Leonid Kravchenko (1985-1988)
• Grigory Shevelev (1988-1991)

Deputy Chairmen of the All-Union State Television and Radio Company, who oversaw Central Television:

• Grigory Shevelev (1991)

General Directors of Central Television:

• Grigory Shevelev (1991)

General Directors of Ostankino Television:

• Grigory Shevelev (1991-1993)
• Oleg Slabynko (1993) ^[6]
• Grigory Shevelev (1993-1995)

Since 1988 - the General Directorate of Programs, since 1991 - the Directorate of Television Programs “Ostankino”, was liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: planning, relaying, production, decoration, broadcasters ^[7]

Directors:

• Anatoly Bogomolov (1965-1969)
• Nikolai Kartsov (? -1973)
• Jeanne Fomina (1972-1982)
• Dmitry Biryukov
• Boris Kaplan
• Victor Oskolkov (1991-1995)

Deputy directors:

• Anatoly Bolgarev

Live Broadcasts

On the Central Television of the USSR State Television and Radio Broadcasting, live broadcasts of the first television programs were conducted, as well as live broadcasts dedicated to:

• Festive military parades and demonstrations of workers on May 1 and November 7 (broadcasts from Red Square and from the capitals of the Union republics of the USSR).
• In memory of the leaders of the Communist Party (broadcast from the Red Square funeral ceremonies: during the days of mourning 11: 00-12: 00).
• Sports holidays in Luzhniki (once a year).
• The opening and closing ceremonies of the Olympics-80.
• Solemn meetings and festive concerts in honor of International Women's Day , the birthday of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin and the anniversary of the Great October Revolution (broadcast from the State Academic Bolshoi Theater and the Kremlin Palace of Congresses ).
• Solemn meetings of leaders of foreign countries at the Vnukovo airport (in the 60s).
• Solemn meetings of Soviet cosmonauts (in the 60s).
• Sports competitions in football, hockey, figure skating and other popular sports.

Broadcasters Announcers and Television

At the end of 1975, 42 broadcasters worked at the central heating station. The last admission to the announcer’s department (already on Channel 1 of Ostankino ) was in 1992. The new speakers are:

Announcers aired until March 1995. However, before the beginning of the 2000s, Igor Kirillov and Anna Shatilova read the program guide behind the scenes, and until the mid-2000s appeared in the announcer's studio on May 9 ^{[8] [9]} .

Weather Forecasters

• Ekaterina Chistyakova (1971-1982)
• Galina Gromova (until 1982)
• Valentina Shendakova (before 1982)
• Anatoly Yakovlev (1987-1991)
• Alexander Shuvalov (before 1991)

Sign Language Interpreters

The sign language translation of the Vremya program has been carried out since January 11, 1987 on the Second Central Television Program, and since mid-1990 on the Moscow program. In 1991, sign language translation appeared on the first channel of Ostankino and existed on the ORT channel in the news until November 18, 2001 ^[10] , after which November 19 ^[11] was replaced by a running line ^[12] . Until 2003, sign language interpretation was also carried out in the repetitions of the programs “ Wait for me ”, “ Man and the Law ” and on some commercials on political advertising.

• Nadezhda Kvyatkovskaya
• Maya Gurina
• Tamara Lvova
• Irina Agaeva
• Julia Dyatlova (Boldinova) (native daughter of Nadezhda Kvyatkovskaya)
• Tatyana Kotelskaya
• Tatyana Oganes
• Vera Khlevinskaya
• Tatyana Bocharnikova
• Lyudmila Ovsyannikova
• Irina Rudometkina
• Varvara Romashkina
• Lyudmila Levina (the last television sign language interpreter who began working on television 8 years after the collapse of the USSR ).

Broadcast Time

Broadcasting of television programs on weekdays began at 6:30 with the morning information and music program (in the 1970s, at 9: 00-9: 10 from the release of the News , from 1978 until January 4, 1987 at 8 hours in the morning from the release of “News” with the repetition of yesterday’s release of the program “ Time ”) and lasted until about 12 o’clock, then there was a break until 14:00 (from 1978 - until 14:30, from 1979 - until 14:50, since 1986 years - until 4:00 p.m.), during which the exact time signal was broadcast in the form of a clock (according to the second program, a tuning table was broadcast). The evening broadcast lasted until 0:00. Since the 1980s, a flashing reminder has been broadcast for several minutes at the end of the broadcast - the final signal marking the end of the broadcast with the inscription “Do not forget to turn off the TV”, accompanied by a loud intermittent beep ^[13] . In 1991, the broadcast of the first program was carried out without a day break, and in the spring of 1990 (every week on the night from Friday to Saturday), broadcasting was even carried out round-the-clock - the broadcast ended at about 6:45 the next day. In 1992, daytime interruptions in the broadcasting of Channel 1 were restored, they were held until March 31, 1995.

The first program worked from 6:30 to 0:00, the second program from 8:00 to 0:00 with a break for local broadcasting, in large towns there was a third Moscow program, broadcast from 19:00 to 0:00, the fourth educational program , the fifth Leningrad program, in 1991 broadcasting already before 1:00.

Clocks , savers and design

In the 1960s, the intro before the beginning of the first program of the Central Television was the song of A. Titov and S. Vasiliev "Moscow Soviet" performed by Alexander Rozum.

From 1975 to 1982, the animation of the rotation of the globe against the background of the transmitting satellite against a yellow background served as the start and end broadcasting screen. An instrumental performance of the Solemn Song sounded.

Since 1982, when Central Television re-planned the broadcast, the screensaver was a star antenna on a blue background with moving rings symbolizing radio waves, and the caption below was “I program” or “II program”, which then changed to “TV of the USSR”. Around February 1988, the screen saver was changed: the circles became motionless, the inscription “TV of the USSR” disappeared, and the background became light blue with a white gradient.

From March 1991 until the abolition of the "First Program" (and in September officially renamed the "First Channel of the Central Television"), the intro was a gathering unit with the inscription Central Television, at the beginning of the broadcast there was a longer version of it. The logo is modeled on the German television company ARD , in some versions of the screensaver, music from the screensavers of this television company sounded, and at the beginning and end of the air there was a composition by Jean-Michel Jarre “Equinoxe, Pt. one". The “second program” has been broadcasting without identification marks in recent months.

At the beginning of the broadcast, the call signs “Morning meets us cool” from “Song of the Counter” sounded, at the end - a fragment of Isaac Dunaevsky ’s melody “Quiet, Everything is Quiet” performed by the pop-symphony orchestra of the All-Union Radio and Television under the direction of Peeter Saul ^[14] .

On holidays, at the beginning of the broadcast, the USSR National Anthem sounded against the background of a star with a red banner, as well as newsreels of the Soviet country. The clock on the screen saver showing the exact time was on a dark blue background with yellow (or white) numbers and no sound. The clock broadcast on the screen was actually a mechanical black-and-white clock, which was filmed by a camera and, using a specialized printed circuit board, painted in the desired two colors. When the screen saver with the song “Homeland” began to be used in the program “ Time ”, the background of the clock was dark green. After the appearance of the Kremlin tower, a dark blue background was returned to the watch. In 1991, an advertisement was displayed under the watch (Crosna, Olivetti , MMM ). This idea is still used by modern television channels (for example, RBC ). Subsequently, this watch was used on other television channels, in particular , the 1st channel of Ostankino in 1991-1994, 2x2 and MTK in 1989-1997, TV-6 in 1993-2000 and the Third Channel in 1997-2002 during the transition with TVC .

The screensavers used landscapes of Moscow, nature or direct designations - "Feature Film", "Concert Film" and so on. Various static screensavers were also used, in 1991 - abridged versions of the main screensaver with various music ^{[15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] [21]} .

Before the end of the broadcast, the screensaver “Do not forget to turn off the TV” was also broadcast, which was a kind of “alarm clock” for people who fell asleep with the TV turned on, as it was accompanied by a loud intermittent signal. Since old TVs could not show a static image (in this case, a test table ), they often overheated and this could lead to fires. The screensaver (or its variations) was subsequently used on the 1st channel of Ostankino until the end of its existence, on ORT until September 1995 and on RTR until 1992. Also, the screensaver was broadcast on television of the countries of the former USSR and the countries participating in the Warsaw Pact (for example, in Poland).

In 1956-1960 - the editorial board of the "Latest News" of the Central Television Studio, in 1960-1965 - the editorial board of the television news of the Central Television Studio ^[22] . From the spring of 1991 - a television news information studio, from the fall of 1991 - the Information Television Agency, liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: intra-union information, international information. Groups: graduations, directors. Executive Secretary Service ^[23]

Chief editors:

• Yuri Letunov (1969-1977)
• Victor Lyubovtsev (1976-1983)
• Grigory Shevelev (1983-1988)
• Eduard Sagalaev (1988-1990)
• Olwar Kakuchaya (1990-1991)

Deputy Chief Editor:

• Evgeny Shirokov (1990)

Programs:

• “The Vremya information program (in 1960-1968 it was published under the heading “ TN ” (“ Television News ”), in 1956-1960 “ The Latest News ” ) (I time, 30 minutes, synchronously II time) - daily television chronicle of current events, various applications were issued for it:
  • "News" (in 1960-1968 the heading "TN", in 1956-1960 the heading "Latest News") (Ive, 5-10 minutes) - short summaries of current events before and after the break and before the end of the broadcasts , one of the issues of which ( “Today in the World” ) specialized in international chronicle,
  • Periodically, the Main Information Office issued weekly informational and analytical supplements to the Vremya program - News Relay Relay (until 1970) and Seven Days (1989-1990)
  • In 1987-1989 The main editors of the information released a daily informational and analytical application-commentary on the Vremya program, in 1989-1991. the time program itself was informational and analytical, and the informational one came out under the heading “TSN” (“Television News Service”)
  • In 1986-1991 The main editors of the information released the morning infotainment application for the “Time” program “120 minutes”
• International panorama (I ave., On Sundays, 30 min.) - international television magazine
• Commonwealth (I ave., Twice a month, 30 min.) - TV magazine about the CMEA countries
• Yu. A. Zhukov, political observer for the Pravda newspaper, answers questions from viewers (I ave., Twice a month, on Saturdays, 45 min.)
• The Soviet Union through the eyes of foreign guests (I ave., Twice a month on Sundays, 15 min.)

In 1951-1965, he was the socio-political editorial board of the Central Television Studio ^[24] , since 1988, he was the main editorial board of socio-political programs, since 1991, the Politika Studio, was liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: propaganda of Marxist-Leninist theory; patriotic education; social life; industry; agriculture ^[25]

Programs:

• Lenin University of Millions (1966-1985) (I ave., Four times a month, 30 min., 18.30)
• “9th Studio” (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 19.00) - political television magazine
• “Political observers answer questions”
• “The working people of the regions, territories, republics compete” (I pr., Four times a month, 45 min., 19.00), More good products (I pr., Twice a month on Saturdays 30 min., 11.00), Today is Workers Day ... - television industry magazines
• Rural hour and “ Rural : affairs and problems” (since 1962) (I ave., Weekly on Sundays, 60 min., 12.30) - a television journal about agriculture
• Feat (I ave., Monthly, 30 min., 18.30)
• Serving the Soviet Union (I Ave., on Sundays, 60 min., 10.00)
• Man and the law (I ave., Twice a month, 30 min., 18.30)
• Movement without danger (I ave., Monthly on Saturdays, 30 min., 11.30)

In 1951-1965 - the literary and dramatic editors of the Central Television Studio ^[24] , since 1988 - the Main editors of literary and art programs, since 1991 - the Studio of literary and art programs, was liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: television performances; classics and entertaining programs; literature and art; theater broadcasts ^[26]

Chief editors:

• Nikolai Kartsov (1960-?)
• Victor Kozlovsky (1967-1971)
• Konstantin Kuzakov (? -1987)

Deputy Chief Editor:

• Victor Kozlovsky (1967)
• Nikolay Izgaryshev
• Boris Kaplan

Programs:

• television performances
• theatrical performances
• Single actor theater
• Stories about the theater (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 21.30) - an informative program about drama
• Theater Lounge (later Theater Meetings )
• Masters of art (I Ave., monthly, 60 min., 21.30) - an informative program about drama
• The theatrical poster (II ave., Monthly, 60 min., 21.30) has an informative program about drama
• Zucchini “13 chairs” (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 20.00) - a series of performances
• Our neighbors (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 20.00) - a series of performances
• Literary conversations (I Ave., monthly, 45 min., 15.45) - journalistic program about prose
• Bookstore (I ave., Monthly, 45 min., 15.45) - journalistic program about prose
• Pages of creativity of Soviet writers (I Ave., monthly, 45 min., 15.45) - an informative program about prose (about writers)
• Literary readings (I ave., Twice a month, 30 min., 12.45) - reading prose
• Poetry evenings in Ostankino
• almanac "Poetry" - journalistic program about poetry
• Stories about artists (I ave., Twice a month, 30 min., 11.30) - an informative program about fine art
• For museums and exhibition halls - a publicistic program about fine art

In 1951-1965, he was the music editor of the Central Television Studio ^[24] , since 1988 he was the chief editor of music and entertainment programs, and since 1991 he has been the music and entertainment studio, liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Chief editors:

• Ludmila Krenkel (1983-1988)

Departments: television performances; classics and entertaining programs; literature and art; theater broadcasts ^[27]

Programs:

• concert broadcasts
• Musical life (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 21.30) - musical news
• Musical kiosk (I ave., Weekly on Sundays, 30 min., 12.00) - music news
• Hour of the Grand Symphony Orchestra (I ave., Monthly, 21.30)
• Your opinion (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 21.30) - an interactive music program
• On Nezhdanova Street (I ave., Four times a year, 60 min., 21.30) - an informative program about the song
• Selected pages of Soviet music (I ave., Twice a quarter, 60 min., 21.30) - an educational program about music
• Music subscription (I av., Weekly, 30 min)
• Musical evenings for youth
• Meeting with the opera (I ave., Monthly, 90-120 min.)
• About ballet (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 21.30) - an informative program about ballet
• Ballet lovers
• Anthology of the Soviet song (I av., Monthly, 30 min., 19.00) - an informative program about the song
• Song of the year
• With a song on life (All-Union Competition of Young Performers) (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 21.30)
• Application Concert
• Morning mail (I pr., Weekly on Saturdays, 30 min., 10.30)
• In your house (I ave., Monthly, 45 min., 15.00) - interactive music program
• Blue light , before “On a blue light”, “On a light”, “Television cafe”
• Invites Concert Studio in Ostankino
• Concert of Artists
• Artloto (1970?)
• Benefit
• In the circus arena
• Melodies and rhythms of foreign pop
• Golden Note (I ave., Monthly, 60 min., 19.00)
• Full house (since 1988)

In 1951-1957 - the children's edition of the Central Television Studio ^[24] , since 1988 - the Main Edition of programs for children and youth, since 1991 - the Studio of Children and Youth Programs, was liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: socio-political programs; art programs; literary and musical programs ^[28]

Chief editors:

• Valetina Fedotova (1960-1968) ^[29] .
• Victor Kryuchkov (1969-1976)
• Nina Zyuzyukina (1976-1988) ^[30]
• Boris Selennov (until 1996)

Programs:

• Television studio "Eaglet" (twice a month on Sundays, 45-60 minutes, 11.00) (Thursday, 45 minutes, 17.15)
• Respond, buglers! (wednesday, 45 min., 17.15)
• Go on, boys! (every two months on Sundays, 60 min., 11.00)
• A book in your life (Thursday, 45 min., 17.15)
• Poems for you (Monday, 30 min., 17.30)
• Creativity of the young (monthly on Mondays, 20-45 min., 17.15)
• Youth Theater (weekly Sunday entertainment program "Alarm Clock", 30 min., 9.30).
• Alarm clock (weekly, on Sundays)
• Fun starts (monthly sports program, Thursday, 45 min., 17.15)
• Exhibition Pinocchio (monthly on Saturdays, 30 min., 9.30)
• Skillful hands (monthly on Saturdays, 30 min., 9.30 a.m.)
• GOOG night kids! (II and IV ave., Daily, 15 min., 20.15)
• Faces of friends (monthly on Tuesdays, 45 min., 21.30)
• Visiting a fairy tale (1976-1992)
• Children's hour (1989-)
• The image (1989-1991)
• Marathon ‐ 15 (1989-1991)

It was created in 1963 by dividing the Main Edition of programs for children and youth into the Main Edition of programs for children and the Main Edition of programs for youth ^[31] . Since 1991 - Experiment Studio, liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: socio-political programs; mass transmission ^[32]

Chief editors:

• Valery Ivanov (1970-1976)
• Evgeny Shirokov (1976-1984)
• Eduard Sagalaev
• Alexander Ponomarev

Assistant editors:

• Alexander Gagarkin

Programs:

• Our biography
• With all my heart (Ive, once every two months on Saturdays, 105 min, 19.15)
• Good luck! (I ave., Once every two months, 90 minutes, 21.30)
• We are building the BAM (I ave., Monthly, 30 min, 18.30)
• These guys are real (I ave., Monthly, 45 min, 17.00)
• Come on, girls! (1970s - 1980s) (I ave., Monthly, 75 min, 21.30)
• You can do it (70s) (I pr., Monthly, 60 min., 21.30)
• Sprint for everyone (I ave., Twice a year - in winter and summer in a series of three gears each, 75 min, 21.30)
• Addresses of young people (I ave., Monthly, 60 min, 17.00)
• What? Where? When?
• 12th floor (1985)
• Glance (1987-1991)
• Peace and Youth (1988—)

Created in 1960 ^[33] Since 1988, the Main Edition of programs for Moscow and the Moscow Region, since 1991 - the Studio of Moscow Television Programs, in 1992 it was allocated to the Russian Moscow State Television and Radio Company “Moscow”, and was liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: operational transfers; thematic programs; transfers for the Moscow region; reference gears ^[34]

Chief editors:

• Mikhail Ogorodnikov (1986-1989)
• Vladimir Povolyaev (1989-1992)

Programs:

• information program "Moscow"
• Moscow news
• Moscow and Muscovites (I ave., Weekly, 30 min.)
• Muscovites' working guarantee (with the subtitle “Moscow Club of Business Meetings” - Ive., Monthly, 30 min.)
• TV club "Moskvichka" (I ave., Monthly, 75 min.)
• To help students of communist labor schools
• Moscow Region (II ave., Weekly, 30 min.)
• Work collectives near Moscow
• Meetings near Moscow (II ave., Once every two months, 90 min.)
• I love the land near Moscow (II ave., Monthly, 30 min.)
• TV Help Desk
• Weekend rest (II ave., Weekly, 15 min.)
• The outside. Transport. Pedestrian (II ave., Monthly, 15 min.)

In 1967 it was isolated from the Main Edition of literary and dramatic programs ^{[35] [36]} . Since 1991 - the studio "Folk Art", liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: thematic programs; music broadcasts ^[37]

Chief editors:

• Kira Annenkova
• Nikolay Izgaryshev

Deputy Chief Editor:

• Victor Kozlovsky (1971-?)
• Vladimir Nikitin (1978-?)

Programs:

• The theater welcomes guests (later Our address is the Soviet Union )
• Lens (Ive., Friday the third week of each month, 30 min., 17.00)
• Review “Folk Art” (I ave., monthly, 45 min., 18.30)
• The song is far and near (I ave., Thursday of the first week of each month, 45 min., 19.00)
• Creativity of the peoples of the world (I pr., Tuesday of the first and third weeks of each month, 30 min., 18.30)
• International festival of television programs of folk art “Rainbow” (I ave., Twice a week, 30 min.)
• The screen gathers friends (I ave., Twice a quarter, 45 min., 18.00)
• Musical Relay "Comrade Song" (I Ave., Wednesday of the fourth week of each month, 60 min., 22.00)
• Wider circle (1980s) (I ave., Once a quarter, 60 min., 22.00)
• Play, accordion darling! (since 1986)

Separated from the Main Edition of literary and dramatic programs in 1969 ^[38] . Since 1991 — Studio of film programs, eliminated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: journalistic broadcasts; feature films; documentaries ^[39]

Chief editors:

• Jeanne Fomina (1970-1972)
• Yuri Grobovnikov (? -1986)
• Sergey Kononykhin (1986-1992)

Deputy Chief Editor:

• Yuri Grobovnikov (1975-?)
• Boris Kaplan (? -1990)

Programs:

• Documentary screen (I ave., The last Thursday of every month, 75 min., 21.30)
• Cinema Panorama (80s)
• The obvious is the incredible (weekly) (I pr., First and third Saturday of each month, 60 min., 18.15)
• In the animal world (weekly) (I pr., Second and fourth Saturday of each month, 60 min., 18.15)
• Cinema Travel Club (weekly) (I Ave., on Sundays, 60 min., 18.15)
• Television evenings of the socialist countries (I ave., On the anniversary dates, 165 min., 18.15)
• On weekdays of great construction sites (I ave., Twice a month, 60 min., 14.30)
• Visiting a fairy tale (weekly)

It was created in 1965 ^[40] . Since 1988 - the Main editorship of popular science and educational programs, in 1991 - Shabolovka 37 studio, since 1992 - the Studio of popular science and educational programs, was liquidated in the spring of 1996.

• Under the sign of "Pi" (since 1989)
• Lucky Case (1989-)

Deputy Chief Editor:

• Vladimir Nikitin (? -1978)

Since 1991 - Studio of sports programs, liquidated in the spring of 1996.

Departments: information; Olympic ^[41]

Programs:

• sports broadcasts
• final programs for various sports
• sports information for the program "Time" and "News"
• speeches of commentators with reviews in the program "Time"
• circulation " Sportloto "
• lessons of “Morning exercises” ^[42]
• Rhythmic gymnastics (80s)

Sports commentators:

• Anna Dmitrieva
• Evgeny Zimin
• Gennady Orlov
• Larisa Petrik
• Vladimir Pisarevsky
• Nikolay Popov
• Vladimir Topilsky
• Vladimir Fomichev
• Daria Chervonenko
• Sergey Cheskidov

Until the mid-1980s, DT ads were not shown in the form of inserts in programs: they went in the form of separate programs called “More Good Products” (under the First or Second Program) or simply “Advertising” (under the Moscow Program). According to the Moscow program, the information and advertising program “Television Information Bureau” was broadcast.

Advertising as inserts in the middle of broadcasts appeared during the Thames Television week ( KitKat chocolate, which was not sold in the USSR at that time) and during the Pozner-Donahue television bridges, when the American side was forced to take breaks from it. In 1988, Pepsi commercials performed by American singer Michael Jackson were shown. Also, ads in the form of inserts were shown during the broadcasts of the Olympic Games in Seoul (1988) .

• Alla Stakhanova (1943-1983)
• Valentina Lanovaya (1937-2002)
• Lyudmila Sokolova (1929-2015) since 1957 (graduate of GITIS)
• Boris Vassin ( 1944–2013 ), led a program of programs, news, holiday concerts, voiced doc films
• Tatyana Krasuskaya (1954-1982), a graduate of VTU. B. Schukin (1975), since 1977 ^{[ specify ]} (hosted " Good Night, Kids ")
• Nonna Bodrova (1928-2009), led the " Time "
• Sergey Suponev (1963-2001), prepared stories for the program “ Under 16 and older ”, conducted “ Marathon 15 ”, then worked on Channel 1 of Ostankino , 2x2 and ORT ; died while riding a snowmobile on December 8, 2001 ^[43]
• Larisa Dykina , announcer of CT
• Anatoly Silin , announcer of CT
• Alexey Dmitriev (Shilov) , announcer of the Central Television (1948-2002), since 1972
• Alexey Druzhinin (1963-2007), led the program, then worked on TV-6 , Radio Retro , TVS and STS ; killed by unknown on March 26, 2007 ^[44]
• Valentina Leontyeva (1923-2007), hosted “ Good night, kids ”, “ Visiting a fairy tale ”, “ With all my heart ”
• Vladimir Ukhin (1930-2012), since 1960 (hosted " Good Night, Kids, " program guide)
• Anna Shilova (1927-2001), since 1956 (she led the “ Song of the Year ” paired with Igor Kirillov )
• Nina Kondratova (1922-1989)
• Olga Chepurova (1925-1959), since 1952
• Tatyana Korshilova (1946-1982), since 1978 (hosted “With a song for life”, “A wider circle” and the TV festival “Song of the Year”)
• Yuri Fokin (1924-2009)
• Victor Tkachenko (1943–2017), from 1970, hosted the programs “Time”, “Our Address to the Soviet Union”, “Creativity of the Nations of the World”, later worked on the “ Third Channel ” and “ M1 ”
• Nikolai Ozerov (1922-1997), sports commentator
• Evgeni Mayorov (1938-1997), sports commentator for the Central Television of the USSR, later than Channel 1 of Ostankino , NTV and NTV Plus Sport
• Georgy Surkov (1938-1996), sports commentator
• Vladislav Gusev (1936-2005), sports commentator on the Central Television of the USSR, later on Channel 1 of Ostankino and ORT
• Anatoly Malyavin (1940-1997), sports commentator on the Central Television of the USSR, later than Channel 1 of Ostankino and ORT ^[45]
• Kote Makharadze (1926-2002)
• Aleksey Burkov (1954-2004), sports commentator on the Central Television of the USSR, later RTR , NTV and NTV Plus Sport ^[46]
• Vladimir Rashmadzhyan (1932-1998), sports commentator on the Central Television of the USSR, later than Channel 1 of Ostankino and ORT ^[47] .
• Vladimir Maslachenko (1936–2010), sports commentator on the Central Television of the USSR, later NTV and NTV Plus Sport
• Vladimir Pereturin (1938–2017), sports commentator at the Central Television Center of the USSR, later than Channel 1 of Ostankino , ORT and Channel One ^[48]
• Georgy Sargsyants (1934–2011), sports commentator for the Central Committee of the USSR, later than Channel 1 of Ostankino and Eurosport
• Tatyana Kotelskaya (1946-2011), announcer-interpreter ^[49]
• Maya Gurina (1946–1996), announcer-interpreter ^[49]
• Nina Eryomina (1933–2016), sports commentator on the Central Television of the USSR, later on Channel 1 of Ostankino and REN TV ^[50]
• Natalya Andreeva (d. 2017), announcer of the Central Television since 1982, led a program of shows, concerts, filmed reports
• Yuri Kovelenov (1939–2018), announcer of the Central Television
• Evgeny Suslov (1937—2019), announcer of the Central Television

• First DH program
• The fourth program (educational channel)
• Fifth (Leningrad) program
• Sixth program
• Television in Russia

The capitals of the Union republics of the USSR (Baku, Yerevan, Minsk, Tbilisi, Alma-Ata, Frunze, Riga, Vilnius, Chisinau, Dushanbe, Ashgabat, Tashkent, Kiev, Tallinn) broadcast their own television channels of the republican branches of the State Television and Radio (one for each republic) and radio stations (two in each republic). The second radio program in Ukraine was called Promin, in Belarus - Krynitsa, and in Azerbaijan - Araz.

• F. I. Razzakov , “The Death of Soviet TV”, 2009, ISBN - 978-5-699-33296-0

• Central Television USSR (English) on the Internet Movie Database
• GTRF TV official YouTube channel
• GTRF Radio's official YouTube channel
• Soviet TV Set Production . GlobalSecurity.org. Date of treatment September 17, 2016.
• USSR TV: Soviet television - free viewing of Soviet television programs. A joint project of the URAVO media group and the Russian State Radio and Television Fund.
• Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the general scheme for controlling television and radio broadcasting