Clan Crawford (Scotch - Clan Crawford, Gaelic. - MacCreamhainn) - one of the clans of the plain part of Scotland - Lowland [1] [2] . At the present time, the Crawford clan does not have a leader recognized by the heralds of Scotland and Lord Leo, therefore it is considered the "clan of squires". Hugh Ronald George Crawford, the last leader of the Crawford clan, sold his land and estates and moved to Canada in 1904 . He died in Calgary in 1942, leaving no heirs [2] .
- Clan motto : Tutum te robore reddam - I will give you safety of strength (Gaelic.)
- Clan lands : Renfrewshire and Ayrshire
- Historical residences of the clan : Castle of Ohinems (shtl. - Auchinames Castle) - Renfrushir [3] , castle Crawfurdland (shtl. - Craufurdland Castle) - Ayrshir.
Clan Crawford | |
---|---|
Clan crawford | |
Motto | Tutum te robore reddam (lat.) - "With my strength you are safe" (I will give you safety by strength) [1] |
Of the earth | Ayrshire , Renfrushir and Lanarkshire |
Crawford Clan History
Origin of Clan Crawford
It is believed that the name of the clan Crawford is of Norman origin [2] . The name of the clan is directly taken from the name of the estate in the county of Lanarkshire . The early names of all the leaders of the clan Crawford are Norman, but some scholars argue that the leaders of the clan are of Anglo-Danish origin. There is a historical tradition that Reginald, the son of Count Richmond, was one of the Norman knights who were invited to serve King David of Scotland and were rewarded for the service of the land. One of the founders of the clan Crawford appears in the legend: the king of Scotland on the hunt was attacked by a wounded deer and was saved by the knight Crawford. Holyrood Abbey was created in memory of this event and Sir Gregan Crawford received awards and titles for the salvation of the king. The crest of the clan with the image of a deer, the emblem of the leaders of the clan and the slogan of the clan allude to this event.
Sir Reginald Crawford (d. 1307) was appointed sheriff city of Ayr in 1296 . His sister married Wallace Eldersley and became the mother of a Scottish hero and patriot William Wallace . According to tradition, William Wallace was the son of Sir Malcolm Wallace of Eldersley. During the uprising for the independence of Scotland, the Crawford clan supported William Wallace. From the sheriff Era, the main branches of the Crawford clan arose: Crawford from Ohinems and Crawford from Crawfordland. The main line of the leaders of the clan received from the king of free Scotland, Robert Bruce, the royal charter of ownership of the lands of Ohines in Renfrushir in 1320 .
XV — XVII centuries.
Sir William Crawford was knighted by the king of Scotland, Jacob I Stewart [2] . He fought as part of the Scottish mercenaries in the army of Charles VII of Valois, King of France [2] . In 1423 he was wounded during the siege of Creule (fr. - Creyult) in Burgundy. John from Crawfordland was killed in the Battle of Flouden in 1513, as was Laird Oghinems. In 1547, Laird Ohinems was killed in the Battle of Pinky [2] . Thomas Crawford of Jordanhill (1530-1603) also took part in the battle of the Pinky genus , fell into English captivity, and was redeemed. In 1569, he became a companion to Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley , when the latter married Mary Stewart , Queen of Scotland. Later, Crawford blamed William Maitland of Lettington and Sir James Balfour as conspirators in the murder of Lord Darnley, but he did not support Queen Mary Stewart when she was dethroned. In the 17th century , Crawfordland Castle was greatly expanded by the 16th laird of Crawford [2] .
18th century - Jacobite rebellion
John Wawkinshaw Crawford - the 20th laird Crawford, was an outstanding warrior, joined the army at an early age and rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel. He participated in the victorious battle of Dettingen in 1743 against the French. Two years later, he distinguished himself in the battle of Fontenoy . But, despite the fact that he faithfully served Britain and the Hanoverian dynasty , during the second Jacobite revolt in 1745, he joined the insurgents for the independence of Scotland and for the Stuart dynasty. He was a comrade of William Boyd, Earl of Kilmarnock , leader of the clan Boyd . After the defeat of the rebels, he stayed with the count to the end and went along with him to the scaffold, where he received the severed head of the count and participated in the ceremony of his funeral. For the support of the rebels, he was pardoned, but fell out of favor. Later, in 1761, his confidence was restored and he even received the position of falconry king of Great Britain. He died in 1793 and left all his estates to Sir Thomas Coutts. But it was challenged in the court of Elizabeth Crawford, who won a lawsuit in the House of Lords in 1806 . This clan branch is united by the Houston clan , and they still live in Crawfordland.
XIX century
Sir Alexander Crawford of Kilbirny (1729-1797) received the title of baronet in 1781 . His son, Major General Robert Crawford (1764–1812), commanded a division during the Peninsula War [2] . He died in 1812 during the Napoleonic wars, when he led his troops to the storming of the fortress of Ciudad Rodrigo [2] . A monument to him was built in the Cathedral of St. Paul in London [2] . Hugh Crawford, the 21st lair of Ohinems, emigrated to Canada , selling ancient clan lands in the 20th century . The line of clan leaders was interrupted [2] .
Crawford Castles
- Castle Ohinems ( sh . - Auchinames Castle) - Renfrewshire [3] .
- Crawfordland Castle (Scotch - Craufurdland Castle) - Ayrshire [3] .
- Almond Castle (Scotch. - Almond Castle) - Linlithgow [3] .
- Loudoun Castle (Schott. - Loudoun Castle) - Ayrshire, then moved on to the clan Campbell [3] .
See also
- Scotland clans
- Crawford Castle
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Clan Crawford Profile scotclans.com. Retrieved September 28, 2014.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Way, George and Squire, Romily. (1994). Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia . (Foreword by the Rt. Hon. The Earl of the Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs ). pp. 374-375.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Coventry, Martin. (2008). Castles of the Clans: The Strongholds and Seats of 750 Scottish Families and Clans . pp. 128-130. ISBN 978-1-899874-36-1 .