Naturopathy ( eng. Naturopathy - treatment with natural remedies) is a type of alternative medicine based on the belief in vitalism , the theory that not all processes in living organisms are scientifically explained and controlled by a special natural energy, "vital force" [1 ] . The system of treatment and prevention of diseases, referring mainly to natural remedies [2] .
The basic technique of naturopathy - conditional starvation - is not studied and is not recognized by medical science , and the results of its application are not explained. According to scientific medicine, the methods and substances used in naturopathy are not always safer or more effective than the methods of treatment applied by it. Scientific verification by the in the United States showed that a number of alternative medicine methods (see the list below) and many nutritional supplements do not have a therapeutic effect at all [3] .
Content
Directions and methods of naturopathy
- Aromatherapy - treatment with aromatic substances
- Aerophytotherapy - treatment with essential oils of medicinal plants
- Apitherapy - treatment with bee products
- Aeroionotherapy - treatment with negatively charged ions
- Halotherapy - treatment in an artificial microclimate chamber with highly dispersed sodium chloride aerosol
- Heliotherapy - treatment with sunlight
- Homeopathy is a type of alternative medicine that involves the use of highly diluted drugs.
- Hirudotherapy - treatment with leeches
- Dendrotherapy - treatment by “communicating with trees”
- Lithotherapy - treatment with stones and minerals
- Music therapy - music treatment
- Thalassotherapy - treatment with algae, salts, mud
- Herbal medicine - herbal medicine
- Florotherapy - treatment with flowers
- Fungotherapy - treatment with mushrooms
- Enoterapiya - wine treatment
The use of natural medicine in some countries
In the USA , Germany and England , both common to all countries and specific methods are used.
- There are five [4] accredited naturopathic schools in the US - University of Health Sciences in Chicago, Illinois; Bridgeport University, Connecticut; Southwestern College of Naturopathic Medicine in Phoenix, Arizona; National College of Naturopathic Medicine in Portland, Oregon; The University of Bastir in Seattle, Washington - and over 1000 naturopathic doctors. Famous representatives of naturopathy in the United States are Joel Wallach , Peter D'Adamo , Paul Bragg , Herbert M. Shelton. Various methods are common in the USA that can be combined into three groups. :
- acupuncture , ayurveda , chinese traditional medicine , homeopathy, medicine of american indians ;
- dietary and herbal remedies ( food supplements , therapeutic fasting , phytotherapy , macrobiotics , vegetarianism );
- biofeedback , hypnosis , imaging and imagination technologies, Kirlian photography , meditation , a placebo effect , Chinese gymnastics and qigong therapy .
- In Germany, traditional methods are used: acupuncture, homeopathy, bowel cleansing , diet and fasting, manual therapy , psychological methods ( psychoanalysis , autogenic training , therapeutic hypnosis ). A well-known specialist in naturopathy is Rudiger Dalke . A well-known supporter of naturopathy was Emmanuel Felke , whose treatment methods (Felkekur) are applied at some resorts in Germany .
- In England, practicing acupuncture , chiropractic , clergy , herbal medicine , homeopathy, therapeutic massage , hypnotherapy , osteopathy .
- In Russia , traditional methods of naturopathy are used: homeopathy , turpentine baths , acupuncture , hirudotherapy and others. A well-known naturopath is A. S. Zalmanov , G. S. Shatalova . Created by the Society of Natural Medicine [5] , which is headed by Professor V. A. Kurashvili .
History
The term naturopathy was introduced by Benedict Lust and Foster, who founded the schools of naturopathic medicine in New York and Idaho, respectively, at the beginning of the 20th century . According to another source - John Shel in 1895 . One of the founders of naturopathy was Sebastian Kneipp ( Germany ).
See also
- Orthomolecular medicine
Notes
- ↑ Sarris, J., and Wardle, J. Clinical naturopathy: an evidence-based guide to practice. - Chatswood, NSW: Elsevier Australia, 2010. - ISBN 0729539261 .
- ↑ BDT, 2013 .
- ↑ US wasted $ 2.5 billion on alternative medicine
- ↑ American Association of Naturopathic Physicians (eng.)
- ↑ Society of Natural Medicine (website closed)
Literature
- Naturopathy // The Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov . - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017. T. 22.