Seaside Jurchen

Primorye Chzhurzheni (Manchu-Primorye Chzhurzheni) is an ethnographic group of the Tungus-lingual ethnos Zhurzheni , which existed in the Middle Ages on the territory of southern Primorye . Like the Amur Chzhurzheny in the territory of Primorye, there were Primorye Chzhurzheni, who settled in the Primorye later Amur. In the southeastern regions of Primorye and on the coast of the Sea of ​​Japan, various tribes of the Jurchen began to move at the end of the X century. The process of consolidation of the Jurchen tribes went through separatism and armed resistance of the coastal peoples. The culture of the coastal Jurchen in the 12th century carried the traditions of the Mohe and Bohai cultures. In Primorye, under the influence of Kogurye monks, only the privileged part of the Bohai kingdom recognized the teaching of Buddha in the 9th century. There were no fundamental large cultural differences between the two groups of Jurchen ^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} .

By 1211, a confrontation between two forces formed in East Asia: the Jin Empire and the Mongol Empire of Genghis Khan . The main goal of the Mongol khan was the struggle for power in Asia, for the redivision of territories, the assertion of the rule of the Mongols, and the destruction of sworn enemies - the Jurchen as a people. By 1216, Genghis Khan captured Manchuria, the northern Jin provinces, including the middle capital of the empire - Beijing. In 1217, in the northeastern part of Manchuria and Primorye, under the leadership of the Jin military commander, Pusian Wannu, fleeing the Mongol invasion, the Janyzheni of the Wanyan tribe left, where the military-administrative district - Yelan Men'an was created. After them, the peoples of the eastern regions of Manchuria left - the Chinese, Tangut, Khitan, Uighurs, Turks, Koreans and descendants of the Amur Chzhurzhenes resettled in the XII century in the central regions of China. These refugee colonists created the state of East Xia , having built in a short time about forty mountain fortresses. After the defeat by the Mongols in 1233 of East Xia and the establishment of the Kayyuan prison system, a little more than 4,300 quit families were registered in the northern part of Manchuria and Primorye ^{[1] [5]} .

With the advent of the Jurchen in 1217 and other peoples of the Jin Empire, the culture of the coastal Jurchen was transformed into a multi-ethnic, with qualitatively new progressive features than the Far Eastern world of the peoples of that time ^[1] .