Osipov, Victor Petrovich

Victor Petrovich Osipov was born in 1871 in St. Petersburg .

In 1890 V.P. Osipov entered the Military Medical Academy , from which he graduated in 1895 . As a 4th year student, he received a gold medal for his work “ Anatomical study of the central endings of the vagus nerve ”. After graduating for three years, he was engaged in scientific activities and medical practice in a clinic at the Military Medical Academy under the guidance of V. M. Bekhterev. In 1898, V.P. Osipov successfully defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic " On the contraction of the stomach, intestines and bladder during epileptic seizures ", in which he showed the connection of the pathological process that affects the brain with the activity of internal organs ^[1] .

After defending his dissertation, V.P. Osipov went on a business trip abroad, where he studied and worked in the best laboratories in Europe. During this period, V.P. Osipov studied clinical psychiatry and neuropathology with E. Krepelin and G. Oppenheim , physiology with G. Munch , and bacteriology with I. I. Mechnikov . In 1901 he returned to St. Petersburg, where he worked first as a laboratory assistant, and then as a private assistant professor at the psychiatric clinic of the Military Medical Academy. At the same time V.P. Osipov was an assistant at the Department of Psychiatry at the St. Petersburg Women's Medical Institute ^[1] .

In 1906, V.P. Osipov was elected professor of the Department of Psychiatry at Kazan Medical University , where he worked until 1914 . From 1915 until his death V.P. Osipov was a professor and head of the Department of Psychiatry of the Military Medical Academy. In 1929 V.P. Osipov became director of the State Institute of the Brain , which he also directed until the end of his life. Along with teaching, he conducted scientific work.

In the 1920s and 30s V.P. Osipov was actively interested in psychoanalytic ideas and maintained contacts with psychoanalysts. Corresponding with American psychoanalystK. Oberndorf , whom he met in 1932 during his two-week visit to the USSR ^[2] .

From the beginning of May 1923 V.P. Osipov was one of the attending physicians of V.I. Lenin . As part of three doctors, he ascertained his death on the evening of January 21, 1924 and participated in the writing of the pathoanatomical conclusion on January 22 of the same year. His memories of the illness and death of Lenin were published in the journal Our Spark ^[3] .

V.P. Osipov was chairman of the Petrograd Society of Psychiatrists and Neuropathologists . In 1933, he was awarded the title of Honored Scientist of the RSFSR .

Victor Petrovich Osipov died on May 22, 1947 in Leningrad . He was buried at the Theological Cemetery .

V. P. Osipov developed the ideas of V. M. Bekhterev about the need to unite in a single integrated system of biological and sociological-psychological sciences, the common subject of which is man. Organizationally, this task was realized in the activities of the Institute of the Brain he leads.

In the article “ Photographic reading aloud ” V.P. Osipov singled out for the first time a symptom described by him, called photographic reading aloud, which can be attributed to the field of imitative movements ^[1] . During the period of V. P. Osipov’s work in Kazan, the study of the role of heredity in the origin of mental illness was first begun ^[4] .

The behavior and activity of the personality , its cognitive sphere were studied by V.P. Osipov at different stages of age development , in labor activity , in norm and in pathology. Psychology, defined as the science of the normal mental activity of the individual in its diverse relationships with the surrounding reality, was the basis of V.P. Osipov for his pathophysiological and pathopsychological studies. On the other hand, he substantiated the failure of psychological theories for the study of schizophrenia , since he believed that only psychological constructions could not explain the characteristics of the psyche and behavior of the patient. The study of mental phenomena in the mentally ill should consist in the simultaneous study and comparison of their psychopathological state and pathophysiological features ^[5] .

V.P. Osipov attached decisive importance to biological research, the study of constitutional genetic factors in the origin of schizophrenia. He refuted the concept of the role of psychological complexes in its origin. With his research, V.P. Osipov proved the failure of psychological theories to explain schizophrenia, especially for understanding catatonia syndrome . He emphasized the importance of the teachings of I.P. Pavlov for psychiatry.

V.P. Osipov investigated violations of different types of sensitivity , patterns of interaction of sensations and ideas, depending on practical activity. He worked out the problems of the clinic of psychiatry, neuropathology , psychology, morphology , physiology of the nervous system , carried out a pathophysiological and pathopsychological analysis of various mental illnesses ( schizophrenia , catatonia , manic-depressive psychosis , progressive paralysis ) ^[2] .

V. P. Osipov substantiated the concept of progressive paralysis as a late syphilitic psychosis, thereby refuting the metasiphilic theory of progressive paralysis ^[6] .

In the works of V.P. Osipov, the question of the norm and pathology of mental activity was examined in detail, a doctrine on borderline conditions was developed that was widely used in the practice of examination, professional selection, and professional consultation.

The subject of serious attention of V.P. Osipov was the emotional-affective states and their disorders, observed with various mental illnesses (in particular, with manic-depressive psychosis), the influence of emotional-volitional disorders on mental operations, memory , attention , and performance was studied. By analogy with the unconditioned and conditioned reflexes of I. P. Pavlov, V. P. Osipov classified unconditionally and conditionally emotional-affective reactions according to the peculiarities of their physiological development, developed a scheme for the emergence, development and course of emotional-affective processes ^[2] .

In 1923 V.P. Osipov developed a suggestive test for the detection of delirium - the so-called " Osipov test " ^[7] . In a delirious state, the patient, after being suggested that he is supposed to put an object in his hand and clamp it, claims that he senses this object with his palm and tries to guess what is there ^[8] .

In 1925 , developing ideas of an objective psychological and psychiatric method, V. P. Osipov proposed transforming psychiatry as a science of mental experiences and diseases into a science of behavioral disorders, abandoning the term “psychiatry” and replacing it with the term “ tropopathology ” - the science of disorders behavior. However, this idea did not receive support ^[6] .

• Osipov V.P. Catatonia Kahlbaum . - Kazan: "Typolithography of the Imperial University", 1907.
• Osipov V.P. Photographic reading aloud // Neurological Bulletin, 1908.
• Osipov V.P. The doctrine of mental illness. Part I. General Psychiatry. - Petrograd: “Edition of K. L. Ricker”, 1917.
• Osipov V.P. General doctrine of mental illness . - Berlin: State Publishing House, 1923.
• Osipov V.P. Private doctrine of mental illness. Part 1. - M. , Leningrad: "State Publishing House", 1923.
• Osipov V.P. Private doctrine of mental illness. Part 2. - M. , Leningrad: "State Publishing House", 1926.
• Voyachek V.I. , Osipov V.P. Medical secrecy and medical ethics. - Leningrad: “ Krasnaya Gazeta ”, 1930.
• Osipov V.P. Guide to Psychiatry. - M. , Leningrad: "State Publishing House", 1931.
• Osipov V.P. Issues of psychiatric recognition and determination of fitness for military service. - Leningrad, 1944.
• Osipov V.P. Illness and death of Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov-Lenin (According to personal memoirs) // "Illness, death and embalming of V.I. Lenin." - M .: "Republic", 1997, p. 177-199.

• 1896-1906 - the former dacha of A.N. Voronikhin , at that time belonging to the merchant B.P. Osipov, - 62 Kamennoostrovsky Avenue .
• 1915 - 05/22/1947 - the building of the clinic for the mentally ill at the Military Medical Academy - Botkinskaya street, 17.

• 3 orders of Lenin
• Order of the Patriotic War of the 1st degree (11/17/1945)
• 2 orders of the Red Banner of Labor (including 10.06.1945)
• medals

• Deryabin, Victorin Sergeevich

• Osipov Victor Petrovich - article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
• Biography Osipov V.P.