Cataprenia ( English catathrenia ) - parasomnic sleep disorder that occurs, as a rule, during the phase of REM sleep , characterized by short-term breath-holding and subsequent moans during exhalation. Clinical manifestations of the disorder can occur every night [1] .
Catafrenia | |
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ICD-10 | R06.83 |
ICD-10-KM | |
ICD-9 | 327.49 |
Content
Etiology
There is a discussion about whether the cause of catafrenia is physical or neurological. Although some researchers suggest a direct relationship with high anxiety, or that the reason for catafrenia is purely psychological, there is only unconfirmed evidence of these theories. Currently, the cause of sleep-related moans remains unknown.
Classification and clinic
Katafreniya is different from both speaking , and from sleep apnea , and snoring . Unlike snoring , groans occur during exhalation, not inhalation. During an episode of moans, breathing in a dream can slow down and always ends with a sigh or "lowing". Moans lasting from a few moments to 40 seconds and more usually repeat several times throughout the night in the form of a series, lasting from 2 minutes to 1 hour. Facial expression is usually calm, without signs of suffering or discomfort. Usually, a moaning person does not notice the sounds being made and does not complain of sleep disturbances, although there may be morning complaints of sore throat, fatigue and dizziness. At the same time, the quality of sleep of a person sleeping in the same room or house can be significantly impaired [1] .
According to the classification -2, the catafrenia is one of the types of parasomnias , but at the same time there are disputes regarding this classification. There are several other similarities among people with catafrenia who have not yet been studied properly:
- Many people with this disorder note some form of stress or anxiety;
- Many of them took part in sports activities in adolescence and youth, some of which required breath-holding (for example, swimming, weightlifting); they find it comfortable to hold their breath while awake;
- Some of them mentioned that they had clear or stressful dreams during periods of cataphrenia;
- Some people with cataphrenia complain of chest pain after waking up from sleep.
Possible treatments
Since the disorder itself is not considered life threatening, there have been almost no studies on this topic in the medical community. Many experts suggest that the method of treating catafrenia is the treatment of apnea, although there is no convincing evidence that catafrenia is its complication, and research shows that not all people with this disorder were diagnosed with apnea.
Sleeping in a more upright position may reduce the manifestation of catafrenia (as well as sleep apnea ). Performing regular aerobic exercises that require steady breathing (running, cycling, etc.) can ease catafrenia. Yoga and / or meditation focused on steady and regular breathing can alleviate the condition. Strength training, on the other hand, can aggravate the disorder due to the tendency to hold your breath during workouts.
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Levin Ya.I. Parasomnias - the current state of the problem (Rus.) . - Problem Commission “Epilepsy. Paroxysmal states "RAMS and the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia. Russian Antiepileptic League, 2010. - P. 10-16 .
Links
- neurology.org - Catathrenia (nocturnal groaning): A new type of parasomnia
- European Respiratory Journal - Bringing the light of the night: laryngoscopy in catathrenia during sleep
- Catathrenia: Parasomnia or Uncommon Feature of Sleep Disordered Breathing? (PDF available)
- Catathrenia is Not Expiratory Snoring (PDF available)
- Catathrenia (Nocturnal Groaning): What is It? (PDF available)