Baymak shooting

On January 5, 1918, the Government of Bashkurdistan , with the aim of forming the first Bashkir regiments , sent members of the Small Kurultai G. S. Idelbaev and G. S.-Ya to the Tanalykovo-Baimak Burzyan-Tangaurovsky canton . Magazov , assistant to the head of the military department A. B. Karamyshev , officers G. Mryasov, U. Kh. Yagudin and Kh. Biishev. This group also included Polish officers (S. Brits, Stolbovsky and others) and civilians ( M.K. Adigamov , H. G. Gabitov and others).

To form the first Bashkir regiments, acquire uniforms, weapons and keep soldiers, it was decided to create a national fund through the introduction of taxes, confiscation of property of private enterprises, landowners' estates, factories, gold mines located on the territory of the cantons of Bashkurdistan ^[1] .

In a short time, a detachment of 400 people was formed, which consisted of infantry and cavalry. The general management of the detachment was carried out by Ensign G. S.-Y. Magazov , the infantry was commanded by Lieutenant G.S. Idelbaev , and the cavalry was commanded by A. B. Karamyshev . On February 11, in order to replenish the detachment with volunteer soldiers, the cavalry detachment of Karamyshev left Tanalykovo-Baimak ^[2] .

Upon learning of the meeting in Petrograd of the chairman of the Bashkir central bureau Sh.A. Manatov with V.I. Lenin and his activities in the People’s Commissariat , Magazov and Idelbaev planned on February 27, 1918 to send a delegation to Moscow to negotiate with the Central Soviet authorities on the formation of the Bashkir Red guards ^[3] , and also appealed to the chairman of the Orenburg provincial military revolutionary committee S. M. Zwilling with a request to assist in the formation of Bashkir detachments ^[4] . At the same time, members of the Government of Bashkurdistan were negotiating with the Baymak Council of Workers' Deputies on the creation of a mixed Russian-Bashkir Red Guard, after agreement, representatives of both sides were sent to the county town of Orsk to solve weapons issues - the purchase of 100 rifles and 30 thousand rounds of ammunition 12 thousand rubles ^[1] .

On the basis of the decree of the Orenburg Muslim Military Revolutionary Committee (MVRK), on the night of February 4 (new style February 16), 1918, 7 members of the Bashkir Government and the Bashkir Central Shuro were arrested in Orenburg ( I. M. Mutin , A. N. Yagafarov , S. G. Mryasov , A. A. Validov , G. Ya. Aitbaev , A. K. Adigamov , I. Salikhov). The resolution of the MVRK on the arrest was approved by the Orenburg provincial military revolutionary committee only retroactively ^{[5] [6]} , which believed the libel of the employees of the MVRK about the alleged alleged joint actions of the Bashkir government against the Soviet government with the ataman of the Orenburg Cossack Circle A. I. Dutov ^[1] .

The chairman of the Orenburg Provincial Military Revolutionary Committee S. M. Zwilling in his telegram demanded "the arrest of the leaders of the Bashkir detachment, threatening, in case of failure to fulfill the order, to declare the Baimak Council of Workers' Deputies counter-revolutionary . " On the night of March 2, 1918, the detachment’s personnel and representatives of the Bashkir government were arrested by the Baymak Council of Workers-Deputies ^[7] . The rifles purchased for the Bashkir detachments were handed out by the workers of the Samakinsky factory ^[1] .

On March 4, 1918, lightly armed Bashkir detachments of about 2 thousand men, led by A. B. Karamyshev, besieged Baymak. They cut the telegraph lines and announced an ultimatum demanding the release of members of the Bashkir Government and Bashkir officers. The Baymak Council rejected the ultimatum, but soon concluded an agreement with Karamyshev on the release of those arrested. But on March 6, a regiment of Red Guards arrived from Orsk under the command of N. Baranov beats off the blockade. According to A. A. Validov, the reason for the departure of Karamyshev’s detachment is connected with the threat of execution of members of the Bashkurdistan government arrested in Orenburg ^[2] .

On the night of March 7 (according to the old style - February 22), the arrested Bashkir officers and soldiers were beaten and all kinds of bullying. On March 7, 1918, according to the verdict of the court of workers and Red Guards, according to various sources, 20-25 people were killed, including members of the Government of Bashkurdistan Gimran Magazov and Gabdulla Idelbaev, along with five Polish adviser officers and soldiers of the Bashkir volunteer detachment. Before the execution, the Red Guards brought the tattered rags arrested barefoot in the snow to the site in front of the assembled local population, where a cordon of armed soldiers was put up. Since the Red Guards were drunk, the salvo failed, the shooting was erratic. Here is how the witness of the events Kh. A. Gabitov describes the picture of the shooting ^{[4] [8]} :

“Dressed in rags, shod in galoshes dragged from the dump, left after robbery even without stockings, with bare legs sticking out of holey galoshes, they are standing in the snow. Tearing heart, this picture was terrible ... The chief of the Reds gave the command for a prayer service. Ours repeated the prayer twice four times. The Poles were baptized. After the prayer, Gabdulla Idelbayev and Gimran Magazov were standing on their feet, and the Poles were kneeling again .. After the prayer, Gabdulla Idelbayev and Gimran Magazov were standing on their feet, and the Poles were kneeling again. Gabdulla Idelbaev said:

“You are killing us, but two million Bashkirs are still alive.” You cannot drown our sacred idea until you kill all these two million people. We will meet death with a calm soul.

Then followed the order of the chief of the Reds. Since the shooters were drunk, the volley did not work, the shooting was erratic. Polish officers, who did not immediately die, still moved. Gabdulla and Gimran, by some force, were still standing. The Polish officers fell silent. And ours all stand. Finally, first Gimran, and after him, Gabdulla, slowly leaning back, fell, heroically and with open chest, met a glorious death. ”

Mukhametdin Adigamov, Khabibulla Gabitov, Usman Yagudin, Stanislav Britz and others were left in custody. More than 50 Bashkir soldiers were released, some were able to escape. On March 9, part of the surviving arrested Bashkir soldiers during the passage of a farm Sidorsky (Fedorovsky) were shot by marauding Red Guards ^[1] .

The killing and arrest of members of the Government of Bashkurdistan provoked protests from the Bashkir population. Therefore, on March 5, 1918, the Orenburg Provincial Military Revolutionary Committee sent a telegram of an ultimatum nature to all Bashkir volosts, which stated:

The Bolsheviks conducted active measures to seize weapons among the Bashkirs, which were often accompanied by serious excesses on the part of the Red Guards. For example, on April 9, 1918, in the village of Sermenevo, a detachment of Red Guards opened fire with rifles and revolvers, shouting, “Let's kill all the Bashkirs!” ^[1] .

The shooting of Bashkir soldiers and officers in Baymak was a powerful incentive for an open armed struggle against the Bolsheviks. The officers who escaped arrest and reprisals ( A. B. Karamyshev , A. A. Biishev , S. Brits and others) continued their work on the formation of the Bashkir volunteer detachments . On the night of April 3–4, 1918, the combined Bashkir detachments led by A. B. Karamyshev and the Cossacks released members of the Bashkir Government from the Orenburg prison. On April 7-8, 1918, a secret meeting of the leaders of the Bashkir national movement was held in the city of Ufa controlled by the Soviets, at which a decision was made to organize a partisan movement ^[9] . Since the end of May 1918, the work of the autonomy’s authorities was fully restored, and the city of Chelyabinsk, seized by white-shells, was completely restored. On June 1, 1918, the “Appeal of the Bashkir government to the people” was published, which contained an open call for an armed struggle against the Soviet government ^{[10] [11]} :

“... Our troops that were sent by us to protect the interests and peace of the Bashkir people in various cantons and to strengthen the rule of law and order in the cantons, they were dissolved by deceit and treason, destroyed (destroyed). The chiefs of our troops, our brothers Abdullah Idelbayev and Gimran Magazov, and together with them another sixteen people were made victims and shot. The treacherous murder of Abdulla Idelbaev’s native beloved lawyer, who is the embodiment of courage, strength, energy, honesty, sincerity, beating the Bashkir with a key, insulting and mocking his body for only shouting before your last breath: “You, the oppressors, cannot destroy the autonomy of Bashkiria , we will die, but you will not succeed in killing the people! ". And then shouting to the weeping and groaning people: “Here is autonomy for you!”. All this back in February clearly showed who the Bolsheviks were ... "

In the fall of 1918, the population of the Burzyan-Tangaurovsky canton decided to open an elementary boarding school (boarding school) for 15-20 shakirs in the village of Tanalykovo-Baimak in honor of "the first victims of their beloved native Bashkortostan Gabdulla Idelbaev and Gimran Magazov . " Subsequently, it was planned to expand the school by transforming it into a secondary one ^[4] .

In the fall of 1918, the Bashkir Military Council assigned the 2nd Bashkir cavalry regiment the name of Gabdulla Idelbaev.

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