The All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets was the highest state authority in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1920-1938.
Content
History
In early April 1920, the government of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic - the Bashkir Military Revolutionary Committee (Bashrevkom) began preparations for the convening of the First All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets, which was scheduled to be held on May 20, 1920. On April 9, 1920, a commission was created under the Bashrevkom to draft the Constitution of the autonomous republic to submit it to the Congress of Soviets. The commission included A. Validov , I. Alkin , K. Kaspransky , I. Mutin , R. Petrov, F. Tukhvatullin , Lastochkin, Guest. The Commission developed the provisions “On the Council of People's Commissars of the BSSR”, “On the All-Bashkir Central Executive Committee”, “On the All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets of Workers, Peasants, Red Army and Cossack Deputies”, “On the Representations of the Bashkir Soviet Socialist Republic”, “On the Administration of the Council of People's Commissars” BSSR ” [1] . These provisions provided for the establishment of a parliamentary republic with its government represented by the Council of People's Commissars of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic , which was responsible to the representative body - the Bashkir Central Executive Committee and the Congress of Councils of Deputies [2] . However, the commission for the development of the Constitution of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was unable to complete the task entrusted to it, since its chairman Validov was summoned to Moscow on April 28, and the central authorities took control of determining constitutional and legal norms for relations between the federal authorities and the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. In May, a commission worked at the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which developed the Regulation on the Internal Structure of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic [3] . On May 19, 1920, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR signed a decree “On the Relations of the Autonomous Soviet Bashkir Republic to the Russian Soviet Republic,” which in the Izvestia of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was called the decree “ On the state structure of the Autonomous Soviet Bashkir Republic ” [4] .
The adoption of this decree provoked protests from the Bashrevkom and the Bashkir population, but the central authorities did not react to this at all. By June 1920, the position of the Bashrevkom became critical, by this time virtually all the affairs of the autonomous republic began to be led by a party body - the Bashobk of the RCP (b) , in which there were opponents of the self-determination of nations. As a result, members of the 1st Bashrevkom resigned. The recent composition of the Bashrevkom included recent participants in the January conflict from supporters of opponents of national autonomy. In this situation, new preparations began for convening a congress of Soviets of the autonomous republic. As a result, out of 103 delegates, only 27 people (26%) were Bashkirs [5] , while their share in the republic reached 60nbsp;% [6] (according to the 1920 census, excluding the population of the Burzyan-Tangaurovsky and Tamyan-Kataysky cantons - where uprisings of the Bashkirs were pushed in ). On July 25–28, 1920, the First All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets was held in Sterlitamak , where a decision was made to liquidate the Bashrevkom and transfer its authority to the Bashkir Central Executive Committee (BICC) and the Council of People's Commissars of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (BASSR SNK).
In July 1921, at the II All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets, the Bashkir Central Executive Committee was instructed to initiate a motion before the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the RSFSR to revise its decree of May 19, 1920, " On the state structure of the Autonomous Soviet Bashkir Republic ." At the congress, a draft resolution "On the state structure of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic" was adopted, and the Bashkir language was recognized as the state language along with Russian , and a decision was made to study it compulsorily in all educational and military educational institutions of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic [7] .
On March 27, 1925, at the V All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets, the first Constitution of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted [8] . In honor of the 10th anniversary of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the VII All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets was called the anniversary.
In total, ten All-Bashkir Congresses of Soviets took place [9] . The last X All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets was held in Ufa on June 20-23, 1937. At this congress, the second Constitution of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was adopted, according to which the Supreme Council of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was determined as the new central authority of the autonomous republic. Elections to the Supreme Council were held on June 26, 1938 [10] .
All-Bashkir Congresses of Soviets
| No. | date | Number of delegates | Congress agenda |
|---|---|---|---|
| I All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | July 25 - 28, 1920 | 1. Report of the five on the convocation of the congress. 2. Report on the current moment. 3. Report of the Bashvoenrevkom . 4. Reports of the commissariats: :: 1) Food, :: 2) Land, :: 3) Economic Council, :: 4) “ Bashkir aid ”, :: 5) Internal Affairs, :: 6) BashCHK , :: 7) Workers 'and Peasants' Inspection. 5. About the residence of the Bashkir government. 6. On the elections to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets . 7.About the election of BashTsIK 8. Current affairs. | |
| II All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | July 1 - 4, 1921 | 1. The international and domestic situation of the RSFSR. 2. Tasks of Soviet construction in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. 3. Report of the BashTsIK, Council of People's Commissars . 4. Reports of people's commissariats: :: 1) Bashsovnarkhoz, :: 2) Bashnarkomproda, :: 3) Bashkir :: 4) “ Bashnarkompros . 5. About the state building of the Bashkir SSR. 6. On the fight against banditry. 7. Elections of the BashTsIK. 8. Current affairs. | |
| III All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | December 12 - 16, 1922 | 1. The international and domestic situation of the RSFSR. 2. Report of BashTsIK. 3. Report of the Bashsovnarkom. 4. Report of the Bashnarkomfin. 5. Report of the Bashnarkompros. 5. Report of the Bashobkompomgol. 7. Report of the Bashkortostan. 8. Report of the Bashkortostan. 9. Elections of the BashTsIK. 10. Report of Comrade Smidovich on the activities of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of the IX convocation and the upcoming X All-Russian Congress of Soviets. | |
| IV All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | December 3-6, 1923 | 1. The international and internal situation of the USSR. 2. Report of the Government of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . 3. Report of the Bashnarkomfin: tax policy of the USSR and the local indicative budget for 1923-1924. 4. A single agricultural tax. 5. Report of the Bashkortostan Territory: :: a) on land management of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, :: b) on land management. 6. Report of the Bashnarkompros. 5. Report of the Bashobkompomgol. 7. Elections of BashTsIK. 8. Election of delegates to the XI All-Russian Congress of Soviets. | |
| V All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | March 21–27, 1925 | 1. The international and internal situation of the USSR. 2. Report of the Government of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . 3. Bashnarkomzem's report on the achievements of the past operating year and an action plan. 4. Report of the Bashnarkompros on the state of public education of the republic. 5. Report of the Bashnarkomfin on the budget of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. 6. Consideration of the draft Constitution of the Bashkir ASSR . 7. Report of the Baimak-Tanalyk mountain trust. 8. On the grassroots Soviet apparatus. 9. Election of members of the BashTsIK. 10. Election of delegates to the All-Russian Congress of Soviets. | |
| VI All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | March 15-26, 1927 | 1. The international and internal situation of the USSR. 2. Report of the Government of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . 3. Bashnarkompros report on the project of universal education. 4. The budget and tax policy (report of Bashnarkomfin). | |
| VII anniversary All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | March 16–25, 1929 | 1. Report of the Government of the RSFSR . 2. Report of the Government of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . 3. About the grain procurement of 1928-1929. 4. Concrete measures to raise agriculture of the BASSR. The report on the state of agricultural cooperation. 5. Budget execution for the years 1927-1928. Approval of the budget for 1928-1929. Tax policy and practice. 6. The state of public education in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. 7. Elections. | |
| VIII All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | February 13–20, 1931 | 1. Report of the Government of the RSFSR . 2. Report of the Government of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . 3. About the five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the BASSR. 4. Election of the Government of the BASSR and delegates to the Congress of Soviets of the RSFSR. | |
| IX All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | January 3-9, 1935 | 1. Report of the Government of the RSFSR and the Government of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . 2. On the completion of collectivization and mechanization of agriculture. 3. Issues of the activity of the People's Commissar of Education on universal primary education. | |
| X All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets | November 12-15, 1936 June 20-23, 1937 | 1. Approval of the draft new Constitution of the USSR. 2. Report of the Council of People's Commissars of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . 3. The election of delegates to the VIII All-Union Congress of Soviets and the XVII All-Russian Congress of Soviets. 4. Organizational issue. 5. Adoption of the Constitution of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . |
See also
- Bashkir Military Revolutionary Committee
- Bashkir Central Executive Committee
- Council of People's Commissars of the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic
Notes
- ↑ Enikeev Z.I., Enikeev A.Z., 2007 , p. 290
- ↑ Enikeev Z.I., Enikeev A.Z., 2007 , p. 293.
- ↑ Kulsharipov, 2000 , p. 271-272.
- ↑ Kasimov S.F. “On the State Structure of the Autonomous Soviet Bashkir Republic” // Bashkir Encyclopedia / Gl.red. M.A. Ilgamov. - Ufa: GAUN “ Bashkir Encyclopedia ”, 2015—2019. - ISBN 978-5-88185-306-8 .
- ↑ Plenipotentiary P.N. Mostovenko about the course of elections in the republic of congress delegates wrote in this way:
“... I arrived in Sterlitamak just in time for the opening of the 1st All-Bashkir Congress of Soviets ... Comrade Shamigulov immediately briefly introduced me to the state of affairs. According to him, it seemed brilliant - it consisted almost exclusively of communists. First of all, however, I drew attention to the completely microscopic number of Bashkir delegates and expressed my doubt that it would be convenient and consistent with the Center’s directive to organize the Bashrespublika with almost no representatives of its main nationality in the constituent congress. To this Shamigulov informed me that the Bashkirs themselves were to blame for the situation, that their representatives were elected in the majority, “but we arrested some of the chosen ones as nationalists, the rest then succumbed to panic and ran away to where, and their place the candidates were occupied almost entirely by Russians and Tatars. ""
- ↑ Ishemgulov, 2018 , p. 124-125.
- ↑ Enikeev Z.I., Enikeev A.Z., 2007 , p. 267-270.
- ↑ Enikeev Z.I., Enikeev A.Z., 2007 , p. 270-275.
- ↑ Parliamentarism in Bashkortostan, 2005 , p. 29-32.
- ↑ Parliamentarism in Bashkortostan, 2005 , p. 34.
Literature
- Parliamentarism in Bashkortostan: history and modernity / Comp. V. G. Aznagulov, Z. G. Khamitova. Prince 2 . - Ufa: GRI Bashkortostan, 2005. - 304 p. - ISBN 5-8258-0204-5 .
- Enikeev Z. I. , Enikeev A.Z. History of state and law of Bashkortostan. - Ufa: Kitap, 2007 .-- 432 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-04258-4 .
- History of the Bashkir people: in 7 volumes / chap. ed. M.M. Kulsharipov ; Institute of History, Language and Literature, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - Ufa: Gilem, 2010 .-- T. V. - 468 p. - ISBN 978-5-7501-1199-2 .
- Ishemgulov N.U. Education of the Bashkir Republic. - Ufa: Kitap, 2018 .-- 172 p. - ISBN 978-5-295-06988-8 .
- Kulsharipov M.M. Bashkir National Movement (1917-1921). - Ufa: Kitap, 2000 .-- 368 p. - ISBN 5-295-02542-X.
Links
- Garipov M.S. Congresses of Soviets // Bashkir Encyclopedia / ed. M.A. Ilgamov. - Ufa: GAUN “ Bashkir Encyclopedia ”, 2015—2019. - ISBN 978-5-88185-306-8 .