Duplex process

Gulyga, Vladimir Ivanovich ^[1] introduced proposals for the introduction of a duplex process at the beginning of the 20th century. During the Great Patriotic War at the Magnitogr Metallurgical Combine , it was decided to smelt armored steel in a duplex process, that is, to boil it first in furnaces with a main hearth, and then bring it in sour hearth furnaces. July 23, 1941, the 185-ton open-hearth furnace number 3, converted to "sour", released the first melting of armor steel .

Duplex steel production process consistently in two metallurgical aggregates. For example, a Martin , a furnace — a sour furnace, a converter — a Martin, a furnace, a converter-converter, a converter — an electric furnace, a cupola , an electric furnace.

The process consists of two stages: in the 1st part, the useful product is transferred from cast iron to slag as a result of melting, and in the 2nd part, semi-finished product is converted into steel as a result of leveling and refining the steel to the required temperature. It is used for the production of steel with specified properties (including stainless). To work as a duplex process for steelmakers, it is necessary to know special technological operations ^[2] . Currently ^{[ when? ] we} study the possibility of using duplex processes for the production of doped alloys ^[3] . For the operation of the duplex process, special workshops are being created at the plants. In statistics, when assessing the amount of steel produced, Steel is written (without steel for the dulex process at its plant) ^[4] . The product of the duplex process is the so-called duplex steel .

For example, the NTMK duplex process is used for the production of steel from vanadium iron. The duplex process is also used at VAZ . Used in Ukraine ( Dneprospetsstal ) ^[5] .

In addition to the steelmaking duplex process, there are duplex processes for the production of nonmetals ^[6] .

• Duplex process
• Duplex process. Great Encyclopedia of Oil and Gas