Kashezhev Talib Psabidovich ( Kabard. -Cherk. Keshezh Psebide and que Talib ; 1866 - 1931 ) - Soviet public and political figure, enlightener and folklorist.
| Kashezhev Talib Psabidovich | |
|---|---|
| Kabard.-Cherk. Keshej Psebide and kueh Talib | |
 | |
| Date of Birth | 1866 |
| Place of Birth | with. Karmovo , Terek region |
| Date of death | 1931 |
| Place of death | Pyatigorsk , USSR |
| Citizenship |  the USSR |
| Occupation | public and political figure, enlightener |
| Education | higher |
| Religion | Sunni Islam |
| Father | Kashezhev Psabida Gubzhokovich |
| Mother | ? |
| Spouse | Kashezhev Fati |
Content
Biography
He was born in 1866 in the village of Karmovo, Pyatigorsk District, Terek Region, in a merchant family. In the family list of the village of Karmova for 1886 it appears: "Psabida Gubzhokovich Kashezhev - 49 years old, sons: Talib - 15 years old, Shakhim - 12 years old, Shakhmyrza - 7 years old, Mohammed - 1 year . " However, there is very little documented information. All that is known is that the father of the enlightener was engaged in trade and, apparently, not without success. According to the data of 1886, Psabid Gubzhokovich had a trade certificate of the 4th class [1] .
He received his primary education in a rural madrasah. In 1883 he entered the Pyatigorsk gymnasium, which he graduated in 1888. Then, with the assistance of Leo Lopatinsky , who was an inspector of the Pyatigorsk Gymnasium, Talib passed the entrance exams to the law faculty of the Imperial University of St. Petersburg . After returning from St. Petersburg to his native village and an unsuccessful attempt to engage in pedagogical activity, he got a job as an interpreter with the head of the 1st section of the Nalchik district.
In 1905, he was convicted and sentenced to Dagestan for some time for his active participation in a spontaneous rally in Nalchik and the distribution of leaflets with revolutionary content among peasants.
After returning to Kabarda, he got a job as a teacher at the Dokshukin school, and in 1910 opened his own school in his native village of Karmovo.
In 1912, the Talib got acquainted with S. M. Kirov , and assists him in revolutionary propaganda among the peasants of the North Caucasus.
In 1913, he was one of the organizers and active participants in the Zolsky uprising of peasants against horse breeders who captured upland pastures.
After the October Revolution, the Talib participated in the organization of Soviet power in Kabarda. And he was a delegate to the congresses of the peoples of the Terek ( including the one led by S. M. Kirov ), in which Kazheshev was elected to the presidium of the congress, as well as a member of the judicial section.
At the end of the Civil War, he was in the ranks of activists of public education. Continuing to teach in his native village, he participates in the creation of educational programs , the development of a new alphabet based on Latin ( instead of the alphabet used based on Arabic letters ) and the compilation of new textbooks of the native language.
In March 1931 he died of a heart attack in Pyatigorsk . He was buried in his native village.
Creative activity
While still studying at the Pyatigorsk Gymnasium, his inspector Lev Lopatinsky , who at that moment was in charge of publishing a collection of materials for describing the localities and tribes of the Caucasus, Kashezhev was fascinated by the collection and research of Kabardian folklore [2] .
Later, at the same time as Pago Tambiev, he was engaged in the collection and publication of oral folk art of the Kabardinians . However, unlike Pago Tambiev who wrote his works in his native language through Arabic writing , Kashezhev immediately wrote and published his works in Russian.
By the end of the 19th century, Kashezhev published: 4 historical (“Andemirkan”, “Kabard Tambiev”, “Crimeans in Kabarda”, “Brothers Yeshanokov”) and 3 toponymic traditions (“Elbrus”, “Mashuko”, “Shatkhurey”), and also three legends from the Nart epic ("Sosruko", "An episode from the legend" Sosruko "," Beshtau ") and one historical and heroic song (" Song of the Two Brothers Eshanokov ").
In addition, Kashezhev published some tales from the oral folklore of the Kabardinians - “The Tale of Hagor”, “Whose merit is greater?”, “One is more cunning than the other,” “Who is dumber?”, “Wicked wife and the beast”, “Every good fellow on his own sample ”,“ Khan’s daughter and hunter ”,“ A scythe jumped onto a stone ”,“ One thief is more skillful than another ”,“ Small is less small ”,“ Who is bigger? ”
In his records, along with historical events, the realities of everyday life are also captured. So, the “Tale of the Yeshanokov brothers” contains data on the past of the Adyghe legal proceedings, the custom of hospitality, twinning, an idea of “knightly honor”, etc.
Kazheshev also studied the customs and rites of the Circassians , and in particular the Kabardians. In the journal "Ethnographic Review" he published articles - "Wedding ceremonies of Kabardians", "Hantseguashe" and "Public prayer for the harvest of Kabardians." They cover little explored by the previous enlightenment sides of the public life of the people, provide valuable, previously unrecorded ethnographic facts and folklore texts.
Memory
Streets in the native village of Kamennomostskoye and in the city of Nalchik are named after the activist [3] .
Links
- Pedagogical heritage of the Adyghe educator T. P. Kashezhev
- Khashkhozheva R. Kh. Adyghe enlighteners of the second half of the XIX - early XX centuries. Nalchik, 1983. Ch. Talib Kashezhev. S. 170-185.
- Tuganov R.U. Talib Kashezhev. Nalchik, 1981.P. 6.