Naujoji-Vilnia ( New Vilnia , Novo-Vilnia , Novo-Vileisk , Novaya Vileika , Naujoji-Vilnia [1] , lit. Naujoji Vilnia , Polish. Nowa Wilejka ) - Vilnius district, located about 10 km east of the city center in hilly and wooded areas along the banks of the Vilna river ( Vilenka , Vilnelė , Wilenka ). It is the eastern part of the Novovilnia elder ( Novovilnia syanyuniya , Naujosios Vilnios seniūnija , which also includes the territories of Guryai , Pavilnis , Pučkoryai , Tuputiškės .
History
It was formed as a separate small town, administratively independent. It grew rapidly with the construction of warehouses and workshops at a large railway station after the laying of the Petersburg-Warsaw railway. d. in the 1860s . Before the First World War, it was listed as a stray city of the Novo-Vileika Vilnius province . After the Second World War in 1950, New Vilnius became a city, then in 1957 it was incorporated into Vilnius. From 1950 to 1959, New Vilnia was the center of the district .
Since 1903, a district psychiatric hospital, the largest in the Russian Empire , equipped with the latest science and medical technology of the time and designed for 1000 regular beds, operated in New Vilnius. The first director was the famous psychiatrist and writer N.V. Krainsky [2] . For a while, the famous Belarusian poetess Aloiza Pashkevich (pseudonym Aunt ) worked as a nurse in the hospital. In the 1960s , the hospital numbered about 2,000 beds. Now it is one of the largest hospitals in Lithuania - the Republican Vilnius Psychiatric Hospital. [3]
The yellow brick neo-Gothic St. Casimir Church was built in 1908 - 1911 . According to the 1931 census, there were 778 residential buildings and about 7 thousand inhabitants in New Vilnius. [four]
Through the Novaya Vilniya railway station, the repressed 1940 - 1941 were exported during mass expulsions from Lithuania. New Vilnia was the last station in Lithuania. In memory of this, a memorial was erected at the railway station (sculptor Vidmantas Gilikis ), which opened on June 14, 1991, on the 50th anniversary of a particularly large-scale action of Soviet repressive organs - a steam locomotive, wagons, a railroad that transforms into a cross carried by a symbolic white figure.
After World War II, New Vilnius quickly developed as an industrial area with large enterprises - the Order of the Red Banner of Labor Zalgiris Machine Tool Plant (the first production was launched in 1947 ; first specialized in the production of drilling and cross-planing machines, then mainly horizontal, vertical , universal milling machines , milling semi-automatic machines, universal precision specialized milling machines) [5] , agricultural engineering plant I "Neris" (first produced threshers, mowing machines and other agricultural machinery, later the main products were units for the production of fortified flour, as well as units for pressing feed, feed granulators , etc.), founded in 1957, the machine-tool plant named after the 40th anniversary of October (first He produced spare parts for machine tools, with 1960 specialized in the production of small-sized hobbing machines with high accuracy for precision instrument, automotive and watch industries) [5] , plant pok asochnyh devices. According to the project of the famous architect E. N. Buchute , a modern building of a complex of consumer services enterprises was built ( 1988 ) [6]
With the restoration of independence of Lithuania, the change in the political system and the changing conditions of economic activity, large enterprises fell into decay. Opened in 1959, the Draugiste (Druzhba) cinema, built according to a standard project in the style of "socialist historicism", ceased operations during the years of independence; the building on the corner of Pargales and Styapono Batoro streets ( Pergalės g. 1 / Stepono Batoro g. 43 ) is currently there MAXIMA.
Current status
In Novaya Vilna there are several secondary schools with Lithuanian, Polish, Russian languages of instruction, two Catholic churches ( St. Casimir on Palidovo street and the Blessed Virgin Mary of the World Queen on Pyargales street), the Orthodox Church of the Apostles Saints Peter and Paul consecrated in 1908 on the street Koyalavichyaus, a memorial with mass graves of about 4,500 Soviet prisoners of war who died in 1941 - 1943 , a cemetery, post offices, a bank, a railway station, several shops of IKI and Maxima retail chains.
According to the Lithuanian census of 2001 , the population of New Vilnius was 32775 people, ethnic composition: [7]
| Nationality | Share of the total population | |
|---|---|---|
| Lithuanians | 29.5% | |
| Poles | 34.2% | |
| Russians | 19.8% | |
| Belarusians | 9.0% | |
| Ukrainians | 1.5% | |
| Jews | 0.2% | |
| Tatars | 0.2% | |
| Latvians | 0.1% | |
| Armenians | 0.1% | |
| Other | 0.5% | |
| Not specified | 4.9% | |
Notes
- ↑ According to § 75 “Instructions for the transcription of surnames, names and geographical names from Russian into Lithuanian and from Lithuanian to Russian”, approved by the Commission on the Lithuanian Language at the Academy of Sciences of the Lithuanian SSR and mandatory in Lithuania, the Lithuanian combination jo is transcribed by Russian yo ; according to § 85 complex geographical names in Russian are transmitted with a hyphen between the components of the name. See: Instructions for the transcription of surnames, names and geographical names from Russian into Lithuanian and from Lithuanian into Russian = Pavardžių, vardų ir vietovardžių transkripcijos iš rusų kalbos į lietuvių kalbą ir iš lietuvių kalbos į rusų kalbą. - Vilnius: Moxlas, 1990. - S. 118-119, 130-131. - 25,000 copies.
- ↑ Nikolai Krainsky
- ↑ Vilnius Republican Psychiatric Hospital (Unavailable link) . Date of treatment August 23, 2007. Archived on September 28, 2007.
- ↑ Naujosios Vilnios istorijos eskizas (lit.)
- ↑ 1 2 A. Papshis. Vilnius. Vilnius: Mintis, 1977.S. 98.
- ↑ Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija. Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2002. ISBN 5-420-01512-9 . P. 552.
- ↑ Vilniaus miesto savivaldybės gyventojai ir būstai . - Vilnius: Statistikos departamentas, 2004 .-- S. 38. - ISBN 9955-588-78-0 . Archived March 4, 2016 on Wayback Machine