The art worker is a person engaged in some kind of art or creative activity.
Content
History of the concept
The word art, corresponding to the Russian "art", comes from the Latin word ars. Literally, it meant "techniques", "technology", but it had a semantic hue of beauty as "quality work".
In the Middle Ages, the word artist already existed in some countries, such as Italy , but its meaning was similar to “artisan”, while the word artesan was still unknown. The word Artist called someone who can do a job better than others, this word indicated not on the field of human activity, but on his outstanding skills. Looking at the documents of that time one can easily notice how much some types of goods (for example, textiles) valued above paintings or sculptures.
The first division into major and minor arts refers to the works of Leon Battista Alberti (De re aedificatoria, De statua, De pictura), in which the emphasis was placed on the importance of the artist’s intellectual skills, and not on manual labor.
Michelangelo Buonarroti is usually listed as the first artist to separate his creative activity from the demands of the environment-circumstances.
With the development of academies in Europe (the second half of the XVI century), the division into the fine and applied arts was finally formed.
The various modern definitions of the words “artist” and “art” differ significantly from each other for about the same reason that attributes that make up beauty cannot be standardized without falling into kitsch.
The word “artist” is used as derogatory in some circles (indicating, for example, pretentiousness, selfishness, high self-esteem). On the other hand, the expression “artist” in Russian sometimes has a negative connotation associated with its nomenclature use in the USSR.
In different cultures
Aztecs
In the Aztecs, the figure of the artist ( tlakuilo ) as a person who achieved the desired integrity, was characterized by the following criteria:
- he achieved that God entered his heart ( yolteotl ), it is like saying that he has the truth and the very basis of his being. And then becoming a “ deified heart ”:
- he speaks with his own heart to " deify things, " or create art:
A good artist: who knew
god in your heart
who deifies things with his heart
talking to your own heart ...
As if he is a Toltec
reproduces the color of any color
.
Thus, the artist and also singers, sculptors, poets and all those who, thanks to their art, are honored with the title of Toleta (artist), is a “ deified heart ”, one might say, almost a seer who, precisely because he has his own truth in himself, and is the creator of divine things, tlayolteuviani (who deifies things with his heart). Such a person, realizing the highest ideal of Nahua scholars, was often called upon to occupy the highest positions, for example, Director Kalmekak and High Priest of Quetzalcoatl [1] .
See also
- Artist
- Honored Artist of the Russian Federation