The Jena School is a group of figures of the romantic movement who gathered in 1796 in the university city of Jena . Among them, one can distinguish such famous writers as the brothers Augustus Wilhelm and Friedrich Schlegeli , Ludwig Thicke , Novalis . They begin to publish the Ateneum magazine, where they formulate their own aesthetic program. The activities of the Jena school marked the first stage in the development of German romanticism .
Content
The theoretical ideas of Jena romantics
The most significant role in creating the theory of romantic art belonged to the Schlegel brothers. They demanded complete freedom for the artist. Following Herder, Schlegeli uphold the idea of the historical development of art, the contemporary phase of which they see in romanticism. “Romantic poetry is progressive universal poetry,” writes Fr. Schlegel. In his Berlin and Vienna lectures A.-V. Schlegel insists on the character of romantic art transforming reality.
The principle of freedom, which was proclaimed by the German theorists of romanticism, in practice meant unlimited individual willfulness, and in art - the complete arbitrariness of the creative person.
Romantic Irony
One of the important provisions of the aesthetics of Fr. Schlegel was a theory of romantic irony. In contrast to the one-sided seriousness of enlightenment thinking, irony revealed the relative value of life phenomena. In an irony of this type, "everything should be a joke and everything should be serious." “It causes us to feel the impossibility and necessity of the fullness of the utterance,” wrote Fr. Schlegel.
Growing up from a critical attitude to reality, romantic irony in practice often led to extreme subjectivity, but the principle of relativity of existing values and concepts, which it affirmed, carried a rational beginning.
In their philosophical quest, the Yens turned first of all to Kant's philosophy and came to the conclusion that knowledge is primarily self-knowledge. A person creates his own world. They set aside the Kantian “thing in itself” and turned to Fichte's ideas. The Fichte Jens interpreted the absolute “I” as the “I” of an individual personality, considering it to be infinitely free. The Jena romantics asserted the paramount importance of art in the universe as a whole, and at the center of this universe was the personality of the artist, who creates the world by the power of his imagination.
Shortly after the death of Novalis in 1801, the Jena group disintegrates. It is replaced by the Heidelberg school .
Literature
- Weinstein O.B. The language of romantic thought. On the philosophical style of Novalis and Friedrich Schlegel. M.: Russian State Humanitarian University, 1994. (Readings on the history and theory of culture. Issue 6. Historical poetics). - 80 p.
- Sinful V.I. Early German Romanticism: A Fragmented Thinking Style. - L .: Publishing house of LSU, 1991. - 144 p.
- Dmitriev A. S. Problems of Jena romanticism. - M.: Publishing house of Moscow University, 1975. - 263 p.
- History of World Literature: In 9 vol. M., 1989
Links
- Lukov Vl. A. Jensky romanticism // Electronic encyclopedia "Shakespeare's World" [2010].