Rhizophora stylosa is a species of plants of the rhizophora family [2] . It is one of the main mangrove plants [3] .
| Rhizophora stylosa | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Rhizophora stylosa Griff. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Description
Evergreen tree with a compact dark green crown, reaching a height of 8-30 m [4] . The trunk is clumsy, unclean [5] , with a diameter of 25-60 cm, one plant can have several trunks. Numerous branching supporting aerial roots are characteristic, which make it possible to withstand shock waves and provide the underwater part with air, thanks to this the plant survives in the first row of mangroves to the sea [4] .
The bark of young trees is reddish-brown, with time becomes grayish-black and cracks [5] .
The leaves are wide, elliptical, a pointed protrusion is visible at the top. The middle vein is pale gray. There are black dots on the bottom surface [5] .
Inflorescences branch 2-4 times. Buds with an elongated peduncle cream color. The flowers have 4 white petals with shaggy edges. The length of the pestle column is 4-5 mm. Fruits are ovoid, ripe brown [5] .
Growing Places
Rhizophora stylosa grows in mangroves, occupying sandy beaches and rocky ledges adjacent to the sea [5] .
The range is located in the Eastern Hemisphere along the shores of the eastern Indian Ocean and the western part of the Pacific Ocean, reaching Samoa , north reaches Indochina, and extends south to the Australian state of New South Wales . In the northwest, the range captures the southern regions of India, in the east - the Pacific islands, reaching Samoa [6] .
From west to east, Rhizophora stylosa becomes increasingly visible in the mangrove forest. It looks most strongly in the west of the Pacific Ocean, where it often grows in extreme conditions, for example, on rocky coasts and coral reefs. In the west of Australia is the only representative of the genus Rhizophora . In the north of the Pacific part of the range, it often forms stands, mixed with spiky rhizophora [7] .
It grows wild in the territories of the states of Australia , Bangladesh , Vietnam , Vanuatu , Guam , Cambodia , Kiribati , China , Taiwan , Japan , India , Indonesia , Malaysia , the Marshall Islands , Myanmar , Nauru , New Caledonia , Singapore , Thailand , Sri Lanka , Philippines , Federated States of Micronesia , Fiji , Palau , Papua New Guinea , Northern Mariana Islands , Solomon Islands , Tonga , Tuvalu , Japan [8] .
Usage
In Oceania, it is used as local fuel in the form of firewood and charcoal. The tannin in the bark is used to dye cotton fabrics [9] [5] . "
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Rhizophora stylosa (English) : information on the GRIN website.
- ↑ Tomlinson, 1994 , p. 25.
- ↑ 1 2 Rhizophora stylosa (English) . Ecocrop . FAO (2007). Date of treatment December 6, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Mami Kainuma, Mio Kezuka, Tomomi Inoue, Eric WC Chan, Joseph Tangah, Shigeyuki Baba, Hung Tuck Chan. Botany, uses, chemistry and bioactivities of mangrove plants (Eng.) // International Society for Mangrove Ecosystems ISME / GLOMIS Electronic Journal. - 2015 .-- August ( iss. 13 ( no. 4 ). - P. 12.13 . - ISSN 1880-7682 .
- ↑ Tomlinson, 1994 , p. 333.
- ↑ Tomlinson, 1994 , p. 331.
- ↑ Ellison, J., Duke, N., Kathiresan, K., Salmo III, SG, Fernando, ES, Peras, JR, Sukardjo, S. & Miyagi. Rhizophora stylosa on the Red List of Threatened Species . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010 . IUCN (2010). Date of treatment December 5, 2018.
- ↑ Rhizophora stylosa data Sheet . Ecocrop . FAO (2007). Date of treatment December 6, 2018.
Literature
- Tomlinson, PB The Botany of Mangroves . - Cambridge University Press, 1994 .-- 419 p. - ISBN 0-521-25567-8 . (eng.)