Captorinids ( Captorhinidae ) - a group of primitive reptiles of the late Paleozoic . Traditionally belonged to the so-called anapsid reptiles , devoid of temporal windows. According to recent studies, they are closer to true diapsid reptiles, and not to other "anapsids" ( pareiasaurs and procolophones ). The oldest known amniot - Protorothyrididae ( Protorothyrididae ), the most famous representatives of which are the gilonomus and paleotiris, are also brought closer to captorinides . According to recent data, protorothyridides are located at the base of the trunk of diapsids .
| β Captorinides | ||||||||||||
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 Labidosaurikos, a herbivorous captorinide from early Perm USA | ||||||||||||
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| Captorhinidae Case , 1911 |
Content
Building
Real captorinids are omnivorous and herbivorous animals, with a massive flattened skull, without temporal windows. The basiperteroid articulation is mobile. The stirrup is massive, supports the brain box. There is no auricle. Postnatal, tabular and temporal bones are reduced.
Premaxilla is often bent downwards, bears teeth-like teeth. Cheek teeth are simple, either single-row or multi-row (up to 12 rows), there are multi-row palate teeth. The muzzle is usually narrow. The skull is relatively large relative to body size, especially in later forms. The sculpture of the bones of the skull is ridge, similar to that of some modern tailless amphibians. In this regard, it is possible that the skin was not scaly.
The vertebrae are amphicelous, the ribs are present along the entire length of the body. Two coracoids - anterior and posterior; in adults, fused with a scapula. Gastric scales developed, no other skin ossifications found.
The structure of the body resembled some modern lizards, such as Australian skinks. The legs are powerful, the tail is sometimes quite short. There are signs of autotomy for the tail (as in modern lizards). The length of the skull is from a few centimeters to 40 cm, the total length is up to 2 meters.
Habitat
Known from the Permian deposits of North America (most of the finds from the early Permian), Europe and East Africa. The last representatives are from the middle Permian of the Urals ( Gecatogomphius , Riabininus ) and the Late Permian of the Niger ( Moradisaurus ). Species with single row cheek teeth (for example, the American Labidosaurus ) could be omnivores, eating large invertebrates, such as insect larvae. Large species with multirow teeth ( Moradisaurus , Moradisaurus , Gecatogomphius , American Labidosaurikos , Kahneria , Rothia ) could be herbivorous. However, their feeding by mollusks is not excluded.
Variety
Gansurhinus qingtoushanensis is a fossil species that lived in the Permian period on the territory of present-day China. He was a land animal, fed on insects and plants. Described in 2011. Partial skeleton remains were found in the Dashankou area in the Xidagou formation [1] .
Classification
About 17 births.
The genus Concordia , a small animal from the Late Carboniferous ( Gzhel layer ) of Kansas, may also belong to the captorinids. Concordia is probably the ancestral form of both captorinides and true eureptiles .
Reptile morphs | - Synapsids `- + - ANAPSIDA | Eureptilia | - Captorinides | `- Concordia | `- Romeria | `- Rhiodenticulatus | `- Protocaptorhinus | `- Saurorictus | `- Captorhinus | `- Labidosaurus | `- Moradisaurinae `- + - Protorothyrididae
Cladogram
| REPTILIOMORPHA |
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Notes
- β RR Reisz, J. Liu, J-LLi and J. MΓΌller. 2011. A new captorhinid reptile, Gansurhinus qingtoushanensis, gen. et sp. nov., from the Permian of China. Naturwissenschaften 98 (5): 435-441.
Literature
- Schmalhausen I. I. Origin of terrestrial vertebrates. - M., 1964.
- Ivakhnenko M.F. Tetrapods of the East European Placard - Late Paleozoic territorial-natural complex. - Perm, 2001 .-- S. 69-71.
- Carroll R. Paleontology and the evolution of vertebrates, vol. 1 - M., Mir, 1992. - S. 246-247.
- Cherepanov G.O., Ivanov A.O. Paleozoology of vertebrates. - M., Academia, 2007 .-- S. 187, 190-191.