Isaac (Yitzhak) Ilyich Rudashevsky ( lit. Icchokas (Yitskhok) Rudaševskis ; December 10, 1927 , Vilnius - October 1, 1943 , Ponary ) - Lithuanian Jewish teenage writer, one of the victims of massacres in Ponary . He became famous as the author of the “Diary from the Vilnius Ghetto”, one of the written evidence of the Holocaust in Lithuania.
| Isaac Ilyich Rudashevsky | |
|---|---|
| lit. Yitskhok Rudashevski | |
 | |
| Birth name | Yitzhak Rudashevsky |
| Date of Birth | December 10, 1927 |
| Place of Birth | Vilno , Poland |
| Date of death | October 1, 1943 (15 years old) |
| Place of death | Ponar , Vilnius ghetto , Reich Commissariat Ostland , Third Reich (de jure Lithuanian SSR , USSR ) |
| Citizenship |  Poland ,  the USSR |
| Occupation | writer |
| Father | Ilya Rudashevsky |
| Mother | Rosa Voloshina |
Content
Biography
Born in Vilnius. Father - Eliyahu (Ilya) Rudashevsky, worked as a typographer in one of the largest Yiddish newspapers, “Vilner tog” ( Daily Vilnius ). Mother - Rosa (Rachel) Rudashevskaya, nee Voloshina. Isaac studied at a real Jewish gymnasium before the start of World War II. In June 1941, the Germans occupied Vilnius and organized a ghetto, where they drove all the Jews. Here, Isaac began writing a Yiddish diary in which he recorded all the events he witnessed, starting from the first days of the war and reports of air raids up to cultural events in the ghetto [1] [2] .
In September 1943, the destruction of the Vilnius ghetto began, and the Isaac family miraculously escaped by hiding in the Old City in the attic of Building 4 along Disna Street. However, on October 1, policemen found shelter for the family, took her to Ponar and shot all the survivors there: her parents and Isaac himself. Miraculously, only his cousin Sora Voloshina was saved, who found and kept Isaac's diary [3] . According to translators and witnesses, Isaac began to write in a notebook, then filled it in the middle and turned it over, starting to write from the other end. The last entry in the diary read: “Perhaps we are doomed to the worst” [4] .
In July 1944, the poet Avram Sutskever, who survived the liquidation of the ghetto, received a diary from Sora Voloshina and sent it to Israel. The original manuscript is kept at the Jewish Science Institute in New York. In 1953, the diary was published through the efforts of Sutskever and the Golden Star Publishing House [5] . Later it was translated into Hebrew (publisher Fighters' House), English (translation by Percy Matenko) and French, and in 2018, a translation into Lithuanian by Mindaugas Kvetkauskas was published. The book was presented at the Vilnius International Book Fair [6] [7] .
In 2016, a stone with a copper plate and the mention of Isaac Rudashevsky was installed near the former Jewish real gymnasium. The author of the project is the German Gunther Demnig.
See also
- Holocaust in Lithuania
- Children and the Holocaust
Notes
- ↑ NEVAIKIŠKAS VAIKO DIENORAŠTIS IŠ VILNIAUS GETO (lit.)
- ↑ Kershaw R. 1941 through the eyes of the Germans: birch crosses instead of iron ones. Ed. Utkin A.L. Eksmo, 2011
- ↑ Children's voice from the Holocaust (Russian)
- ↑ SKETCH OF FIFTY-THIRD. Creation of a ghetto in the Baltic states. Transnistria (Russian)
- ↑ Icchoko Rudaševskio „Vilniaus geto dienoraščio“ pristatymas Vilniaus knygų mugėje (lit.)
- ↑ "The Vilnius Ghetto Diary" was first published in Lithuanian (Russian)
- ↑ Presentation of the book “Vilnius Ghetto Diary” by I. Rudashevsky (Russian) will be held at the Vilnius International Book Fair
Literature
- Yitskhok Rudashevski, Vilniaus geto dienoraštis, 1941-1943. Vilnius: Lietuvos žydų bendruomenė, 2018. ISBN 978-9955-9317-3-7 .