The Marble Palace ( Pers. کاخ مرمر ) is a historical building and the former Shah's residence in Tehran ( Iran ). It is located in the city center [1] , but when the palace was being built, this area was a quiet quarter of Tehran [2] .
| Marble Palace | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Building Information | |
| Location | Tehran |
| A country | Iran |
| Architect | Fathalla Firdaus |
| Customer | Reza Shah |
| Start of construction | 1934 |
| Completion of construction | 1937 |
| Architectural style | eclecticism |
History
The two-story Marble Palace, intended for official events and receptions [2] , was built in 1934-1937 [3] by order of the Shah of Iran Reza Pahlavi by French engineer Joseph Leon and Iranian architect Fathullah Firdaus [4] .
The palace was used by Reza Pahlavi and then by his son Mohammed Reza as the official residence [5] . Reza Pahlavi, together with his fourth wife, Esmet Dovlatshahi and their five children, lived in the palace until the Shah was expelled in 1941 [6] . It was in this building that Reza Pahlavi signed a letter of renunciation in September 1941 [7] .
During the reign of Muhammad Reza, important royal events took place in the palace. The building was one of its two main residences along with the Golestan Palace [8] and was identified with the personality of the Shah in the 1950s [4] . In the palace were all three ceremonies of his marriage. In 1939, he married here with his first wife, Princess Fawzia [9] , and the couple lived there until their divorce in 1945 [10] . In October 1950, a wedding ceremony was held in the palace, and in February 1951, the wedding ceremony of the Shah and his second wife, Soraya Isfandiyari [11] [12] . Similar rituals with Muhammad Reza and his third wife Farah also took place in the Marble Palace [13] [14] . Shahnaz Pahlavi , daughter of the Shah and the Princess of Fawzia, also married in this building, in October 1957, her chosen one was Ardeshir Zahedi [15] . In addition, the palace celebrated the 48th anniversary of the Shah [16] .
On April 10, 1965, the Marble Palace became the site of an assassination attempt against the Shah committed by an Iranian soldier [17] [18] . After this incident, the palace was no longer used as a residence [1] and was turned into a museum in 1970 [19] .
After the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, the Marble Palace until 1981 was used as a museum [20] . He was then referred to the expediency council [20] . Local residents reported that the building was used by politicians of the Islamic Republic of Iran [21] .
Description
The initial design project for the palace was developed by Ostad Jafar Khan [19] [22] , but the final design was made by Ostad Khaidar Khan [22] . The general architectural style of the palace is eclectic, it combines oriental, including techniques of architecture of the Qajar period, and western architectural styles [5] [23] .
The palace is surrounded by a large garden [24] . The territory of the entire palace complex occupies 35,462 m², of which 2,870 m² is the area of the residence [5] [19] .
There are stone gates leading to the palace, with two statues of Achaemenid-era warriors with arrows carved by Iranian artist Jafar Khan — they emphasize the eclectic style of the entire building [23] . On the territory of the complex there are other gates made by local craftsmen from different provinces [25] .
The walls of the palace are made of white marble [1] [2] . The building is crowned by a huge dome, which is an exact copy of the Sheikh Lotfalla Mosque in Isfahan [4] [26] . Under the dome, the inner arch of which is decorated with arabesques , there is a double-decker lobby with a grand staircase.
The interior of the palace corresponds to its ceremonial purpose; carved doors, stucco molding, rich fabrics and carpets are widely used in its design [2] . Wall decor was made by Iranian architect Hossein Lorzadeh [19] [22] , ceramic tiles were made by Ostad Yezdi, painting was made by Ostad Behzad [19] . Among other rooms stands the Hall of Mirrors, the walls of which are decorated with a large number of mirrors, traditionally used in many churches and mosques of the country [27] [8] .
Items used in the palace, including furniture, are currently on display at the Museum of Decorative Arts in Tehran [28] .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 Asadollah Alam. The Shah and I. - London and New York: IB Tauris, 1991 .-- P. 162. - ISBN 1-85043-340-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Architecture. Pahlavi, before World War II . Encyclopedia Iranica . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Cyrus Ghani. Iran and the Rise of the Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power . - IBTauris, January 6, 2001. - P. 412. - ISBN 978-1-86064-629-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Pamela Karimi. Domesticity and Consumer Culture in Iran: Interior Revolutions of the Modern Era . - Routledge, May 29, 2013 .-- P. 54. - ISBN 978-1-135-10137-4 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Marble Palace (Kakh Marmar) . Fars Foundation . Date of treatment November 29, 2018. Archived November 24, 2013.
- ↑ Diana Childress. Equal Rights Is Our Minimum Demand: The Women's Rights Movement in Iran 2005 . - Twenty-First Century Books, 2011 .-- P. 40. - ISBN 978-0-7613-7273-8 .
- ↑ Fariborz Mokhtari. No One will Scratch My Back: Iranian Security Perceptions in Historical Context // The Middle East Journal: journal. - Vol. 59 , no. 2 . (inaccessible link)
- ↑ 1 2 Iraj Isaac Rahmim. Where the Shah Went Alone (unknown) // Reason. - 2003. - July.
- ↑ The Pahlavi Dynasty . Royal Ark . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Colorful Fetes Mark Royal Wedding that will Link Egypt and Persian (March 13, 1939). Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Iran's Shah will marry (October 12, 1950). Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Gifts for wedding (February 12, 1951). Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Teheran - Shah's Wedding 1959 , British Pathe . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Ibrahim Hadidi. Betrothal of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Farah Diba . IICHS . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Iran Shah's daughter to wed engineer in simple ceremony (October 10, 1957). Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Mohamad Reza Shah and Shahbanu Farah Pahlavi's Coronation . Iran Politics Club . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Shah of Iran . NNDB . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Robert Muse . The rise of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlevi (July 16, 1975). Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Mir M. Hosseini. Marmar Palace Becomes Museum . Fouman (October 30, 1973). Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ 1 2 Marmar Palace . Wikimapia . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Rasool Nafisi. Firmly planted (unknown) // The Iranian. - 2001 .-- 5 July.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Habibollah Ayatollahi. The Book of Iran: The History of Iranian Art . - Alhoda UK, 2003 .-- P. 290. - ISBN 978-964-94491-4-2 .
- ↑ 1 2 Kamran Safamanesh. Architectural Historiography 1921–42 // Iran in the 20th Century. Historiography and Political Culture / Touraj Atabaki. - London and New York: IBTauris, 2009 .-- ISBN 978 1 84885 224 2 .
- ↑ William E. Warne. Mission for Peace: Point 4 in Iran . - Ibex Publishers, Inc., January 1, 1999. - P. 36. - ISBN 978-0-936347-84-4 .
- ↑ Courts and courtiers In the reign of Reżā Shah Pahlavī . Encyclopedia Iranica . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.
- ↑ Reza Sarhangi. The Sky Within: Mathematical Aesthetics of Persian Dome Interiors (English) // Nexus Network Journal: journal. - 1999. - Vol. 1 . - DOI : 10.1007 / s00004-998-0007-z .
- ↑ Elaine Sciolino. Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran . - Free Press, February 21, 2001. - P. 6. - ISBN 978-0-7432-1453-7 .
- ↑ Decorative Arts Museum of Iran . Persia Tours . Date of treatment November 29, 2018.