The teaching institutions of the Russian Empire are secondary specialized educational institutions in the system of training teachers for urban schools of the Russian Empire .
Teaching institutes began to be established from the time of publication of the provision on urban schools in 1872, with the aim of preparing teachers for these colleges. However, before that, in 1819–1823, under the name of the Teaching Institute , an educational institution operated in the department of St. Petersburg University to train assistant teachers of public schools.
To train teachers for the schools of May 31, 1872, created by the city schools , new types of teachers' institutes were called up. These were closed institutions, which were run by the trustees of educational districts and in the immediate headquarters of the directors elected as trustees from among those who completed the course in higher educational institutions. At each teacher’s institute there was a one-year or two-year city college for practical exercises in teaching. The institute was managed by the pedagogical council, which was chaired by the director, of all the teachers of the institute, as well as the teachers of the city college, which was affiliated with the institute.
The course of study was three years (in Tiflis and Vilna Jewish - 4 years). The staffing number of students of teachers' institutions is 75; of these, 60 were fully maintained by the ministry, the remaining 15 places were provided to fellows of other departments and various societies. The directors of the teaching institutes had all the rights granted to the directors of gymnasiums. Young people of all ranks and states, at least 16 years old, were accepted to the institutes. Graduates received certificates for the title of a teacher of a city college and were obliged to serve at least six years as a teacher of a city college on the appointment of an educational authority. Disciplines taught in teachers' institutions: God's law, pedagogy, Russian and Church Slavonic languages, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, history, geography, natural history and physics, drawing and painting, calligraphy, singing and gymnastics; In 1896, compulsory manual labor training was introduced.
By January 1, 1878, there were 7 regular teaching institutes (330 students) and two Jewish (269 students) [1] : St. Petersburg Teacher's Institute and Moscow Teacher's Institute (since 1872), Theodosia Teacher's Institute and Glukhovsky Teacher's Institute (since 1874), Kazan Teacher's Institute and Belgorod Teacher's Institute (1876), Ekaterininsky Teacher's Institute in Tambov; also Jewish: Vilensky Teacher's Institute (since 1876), Zhytomyr Teacher's Institute ; in 1878–1879 one more was opened - the Orenburg Teacher’s Institute . As of January 1, 1899, there were 1,525 students and 168 teachers in 9 teacher training institutes.
After the revolution of 1905-1907, the teachers' institutes became open educational institutions that accepted males of all ranks and ranks. The number of students has increased significantly, among them were national teachers who graduated from teacher seminaries , graduates of urban (from 1912 - higher elementary) schools.
Notes
- Historical and statistical essay on general and special education in Russia / Ed. A. G. Nebolsina; All-Russia. prom.art. ex. 1882 in Moscow. - SPb .: type. V. Kirschbaum, 1883. - p. 97-98.
Literature
- Teaching institutes, seminaries and schools // Encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : in 86 tons (82 tons and 4 extra). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Teaching Institutions // The Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Teaching Institutions // Great Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 t.] / Ch. ed. Yu. S. Osipov . - M .: The Great Russian Encyclopedia, 2004—2017.