National Scientific Center of Marine Biology named after A.V. Zhirmunsky

In September 1966, the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences adopted a decree on the organization of a marine biology department in the Far Eastern branch of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences in Vladivostok (Far Eastern Branch of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences). On October 20, 1966, the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences appointed A.V. Zhirmunsky as head of the department, and O. G. Kusakin as his deputy. In the summer of 1967, the first scientific expedition to the littoral of the Kuril Islands was carried out.

On November 13, 1968, the Presidium of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences adopted a decision on the expediency of organizing the institute on the basis of the Department of Marine Biology, and on September 25, 1969, the State Committee of the Council of Ministers of the USSR for Science and Technology decided to organize the Institute ^[1] . In January 1970, the department was transformed into the Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and from October 1970 into the Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Scientific Center - abbreviated as the Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (since 1991 the Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences). The director-organizer of the institute was A.V. Zhirmunsky . One of the founders and organizers of the institute is O. G. Kusakin .

In 1973, the Institute established the Scientific Council for Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Scientific Center of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and work began on the creation of the marine base of the Far Eastern Scientific Center in Vityaz Bay .

In March 1978, the Far Eastern Marine Reserve was created ^[2] .

In 1975, the institute organized the publication of the scientific journal Biology of the Sea, which subsequently became one of the leading journals in its field in Russia and the international scientific community. The journal is also published in English under the name "Russian Journal of Marine Biology" ^{[3] [4]} .

In September 2005, the Institute was named after Academician A.V. Zhirmunsky.

In early September 2016, the Primorsky Aquarium of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was officially opened for visitors. The Aquarium itself began work in 2013.

On September 1, 2016, at the Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences with the addition of the Far Eastern Marine Reserve and the Primorsky Oceanarium, the National Scientific Center for Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (NSCMB FEB RAS) was organized. The Far Eastern Marine Reserve and the Primorsky Oceanarium have become branches of the National Scientific Center for Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in legal form.

In September 2018, the National Scientific Center for Marine Biology was named after Academician A.V. Zhirmunsky.

Directors

Institute of Marine Biology

• The first director of IBM FEB RAS (1970-1989) - A. Zhirmunsky (in 1989-2000 - Honorary Director of the Institute)
• The second director of IBM FEB RAS (1989-2005) - V. Kasyanov.
• The third director of IBM FEB RAS (2005—2016) - A. Adrianov

National Research Center for Marine Biology

• The first director of the NSCMB FEB RAS (2016—2017) - A. Adrianov (since 2017 - supervisor / president of the center)
• The second (VRIO) director of the NSCMB FEB RAS (since 2017) - V. Odintsov

Honorary Members of the Center

In 1992, the Scientific Council of the Institute of Marine Biology established the title of Honorary Member of the Institute of Marine Biology for Russian and foreign scientists. Among the elected honorary members of the IBM FEB RAS (now NSCMB FEB RAS) are: B.S. Sokolov , O. Kinne, R. Turner, J. Garfield, E. Benson and others.

The National Scientific Center for Marine Biology includes 16 research laboratories, 2 branches (Primorsky Oceanarium and the Far Eastern Marine Reserve), 4 biological stations. They represent the main scientific infrastructure of the Center.

General structure

• Directorate (administration)
• Scientific departments
  • Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics
  • Laboratory of Systematics and Morphology
  • Embryology laboratory
  • Genetics laboratory
  • Ichthyology Laboratory
  • Physiology laboratory
  • Laboratory of Pharmacology
  • Laboratory of Comparative Cytology
  • Laboratory of Comparative Biochemistry
  • Cell Biophysics Laboratory
  • Cell Technology Laboratory
  • Laboratory of physiology of autotrophic organisms
  • Laboratory of Molecular Systematics
  • Marine Microbiota Laboratory
  • Cell differentiation laboratory
  • Marine Mammal Laboratory
• Branches
  • Far Eastern Marine Biosphere State Nature Reserve
  • Scientific and educational complex "Seaside Oceanarium"
• Biological stations
  • Marine Biological Station "Vostok"
  • Marine Biological Station "West"
  • Sokol Station (Sakhalin Island)
  • Station "Rainbow" (Kamchatka Peninsula)
• Support Services
  • Department of International Relations
  • Maritime department
  • Department of Deep Sea Equipment
  • Department of Aquarium
  • Diving department
  • Department of Computer Technology
  • Collective Use Center - Far Eastern Center of Electron Microscopy ^[5]
  • Museum
  • Library
  • Department of Foreign Languages ​​FEB RAS
• Departments

The Center has opened postgraduate studies in 9 specialties and 2 dissertation councils for the defense of dissertations for the degree of candidate and doctor of sciences in 5 biological specialties.

Management

• Interim Director: Ph.D. Odintsov V.S.
• Scientific adviser (President): Academician A.V. Adrianov
• Deputy Directors for Research: Dr. Sc. Imbs A.B., Corr. RAS Duyzen I.V., Doctor of Biological Sciences Orlova T.Yu.
• Deputy Director for Scientific, Educational and Exhibition Activities, Director of the Primorsky Oceanarium Branch: Ph.D. Mikhaylyuk A.L.
• Deputy Director for Environmental Activities, Director of the Far Eastern Marine Reserve Branch: N. Yakushevsky
• Deputy Directors for Economic, General and Security Issues: Apukhtina M.V., Stepanyuk I.Yu., Pinchuk A.S.
• Scientific Secretary: Ph.D. Zhukov V.E.

Researchers

The total number of employees is 938, of which 1 is an academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 are corresponding members of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 25 are doctors of sciences, 134 are candidates of sciences. By the number of employees, the National Marine Biology Research Center is the largest scientific institution in the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Center Scientists

Famous biologists in Russia and abroad work in the scientific center - Academician A.V. Adrianov , corresponding member V.V. Yushin , Doctor of Biological Sciences Yu.S. Khotimchenko , Doctor of Biological Sciences ON. Odintsova , Doctor of Biological Sciences Yu.F. Kartavtsev and others

At different times, large scientists in the field of marine biology worked at the institute:

• Academician A.V. Zhirmunsky (1921–2000), director-organizer of IBM
• Academician O.G. Kusakin (1940-2005), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR
• Academician V.L. Kasyanov (1930-2001), second director of IBM
• Corresponding Member V.E. Vaskovsky (1935–2016), Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation
• doctor of medical sciences P.A. Motavkin (1922-2015), Honored Scientist of the RSFSR
• Doctor of Biological Sciences M.K. Glubokovsky (1948)
• Doctor of Biological Sciences A.I. Kafanov (1947-2007), Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Honorary President of the Far Eastern Malacological Society

Museum

The Museum of the National Scientific Center for Marine Biology, created in 1994 on the basis of a decision of the Bureau of the Department of General Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, is the largest repository of marine organisms in the Far East of Russia. The total area of ​​museum storages is more than 400 m2, it contains more than 30 thousand units of cataloged material and more than 60 thousand scientists of the center of the raw. The museum stores holotypes and paratypes of more than 220 species of marine organisms ^{[6] [7]} .

Research Areas

The center conducts fundamental research on 12 research topics:

1. The study of fauna and flora, ecology and biota productivity of the Far Eastern seas and the adjacent Pacific.
2. Deep-sea exploration of the oceans.
3. Development of scientific foundations for the protection, reproduction and rational use of biological resources of the shelf.
4. Development of scientific foundations and technologies for ensuring the biological safety of marine water areas and products of marine origin.
5. The study of adaptations, ontogenesis and evolution of marine organisms.
6. Research in the field of molecular genetics, biochemistry and biotechnology of marine organisms.
7. Development of technologies for remote control and monitoring of biodiversity and marine biological resources in specially protected marine areas.
8. Development of the scientific basis for the conservation of marine biological diversity.
9. Biomedical research, marine pharmacology, hyperbaric medicine.
10. Development of scientific foundations and modern technologies for the maintenance and breeding of rare and endangered species of marine organisms.
11. Research in the field of physiology, neurophysiology, higher nervous activity of marine mammals, study of the behavior of marine animals.
12. Development of technologies for early diagnosis and treatment of diseases of marine animals, dolphin therapy.

The Center’s employees have published more than 160 monographs and 100 collections, published more than 4,000 scientific papers. The Institute publishes a multi-volume series of determinants for all groups of organisms from bacteria to vertebrates that live in the Russian waters of the Sea of ​​Japan - Biota of the Russian Waters of the Sea of ​​Japan (11 volumes have been published by Dalnauka Publishing House).

The Center’s team, starting with the work of the Institute of Marine Biology, has carried out a number of large-scale studies on the study of marine biodiversity in the Far East from the south of Primorsky Krai to the Arctic waters ^[8] , in particular, age-related changes in the composition of the ichthyofauna of Peter the Great Bay have been analyzed, and carbon inclusion mechanisms from of petroleum compounds in the food chain of aquatic organisms through oil-oxidizing microorganisms, data on the structure and metabolism of lipids in more than 250 species of marine plants are summarized and published regularities of morphogenesis common to biological and non-biological morphogenesis, the world's most comprehensive determinant for marine isopods of the Northern Hemisphere has been published, the mechanisms of the formation of specific complexes of marine biota species under extreme pollution of bottom sediments have been studied, and many other works have been performed.

In recent years, the Center’s employees have obtained important results, for example, together with the Caroline Institute (Sweden), a new mechanism for adrenal cell specialization has been discovered. It was shown that catecholamine- synthesizing chromafin cells differentiate from glia progenitor cells, which are delivered to the forming adrenal glands by peripheral nerves in early development. The data obtained are published in the journal " Science " ^[9] .

In 2012, for a cycle of fundamental work in the field of studying biological diversity, its conservation and environmental safety A.V. Adrianov together with G.V. Dobrovolsky (posthumous) and D.S. Pavlov was awarded the State Prize of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology.

Together with the Far Eastern Federal University and other institutes of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Center successfully completed the RSF megagrant under the project “Technologies for Monitoring and Rational Use of Marine Biological Resources”, the results of which were summed up in 2018 ^[10] . The megagrant was allocated for research in five major areas: the creation of technologies for accounting, reproduction and control of marine biological resources, the creation of methods for assessing pollution of marine ecosystems, and the creation of new drugs and food products. According to the results of the research, more than 600 scientific articles were published, including more than 300 in international journals ^[11] .

During the implementation of the project, a study was made of the morphological and taxonomic diversity of the invertebrates of the Russian Far East. High biological diversity of the deep-sea areas of the Sea of ​​Japan was revealed, and of the 621 species found here, 201 species were new to science.

It has been established that diseases of two commercial representatives of king crabs , blue and Kamchatka, in populations of the western part of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk are caused by a herpes-like virus . This infection is considered as one of the factors determining the abundance of these economically important types of crustaceans.

The main building of the National Scientific Center for Marine Biology is a semicircular structure with a high tower on the coastal cliff, designed and built in 1970-1980. in a peculiar "futuristic" style. The building was commissioned in 1988. The architects were B. Bogomolov, L. Bobrovskaya, Yu. Sokolov (FEB GIPRONII AN USSR).

• Official site of NSCMB FEB RAS
• The official site of the Primorsky Oceanarium - Branch of the NSCMB FEB RAS
• Official site of the Far Eastern Marine Reserve - Branch of the NSCMB FEB RAS
• NSCMB on the official website of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
• Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS 35 years
• Primorsky Aquarium - one of the largest scientific and educational complexes in the world
• From the annals of the formation of the IBM FEB RAS in 1966-1994.
• RSF megagrant in FEFU: scientists have discovered the unique biodiversity of the Far Eastern seas
• Laureates of the State Prize of the Russian Federation 2012
• Site of the Museum of the National Scientific Center of Marine Biology FEB RAS