Sir Andrew Moray (Sir Andrew Murray , Sir Andrew de Moray ) (1298–1338) - Scottish military and political figure, twice keeper (regent) of Scotland (1332–1333, 1335–1338). During the Second War of Independence of Scotland, Sir Andrew Moray supported King David II Bruce in the struggle against Edward Balliol and King Edward III of England. He owned the lordships of Avoh, Petty, and Bothwell in Scotland. In 1326 he married Christine Bruce , sister of King of Scotland Robert I. Bruce .
| Andrew de Moray (Murray) | |
|---|---|
| Date of Birth | 1298 |
| Place of Birth | Scotland |
| Date of death | 1338 |
| Place of death | Scotland |
| Affiliation |  Scotland |
| Rank | Guardian of Scotland (1332–1333, 1335–1338) |
| Battles / Wars | Scottish Second War of Independence (1332-1357) |
Content
Early years
Andrew Moray (Murray) was born in the spring of 1298 . He was the posthumous son of Sir Andrew Morey , associate in arms of William Wallace , who died after a battle on Stirling Bridge in 1297 , shortly before his birth. In 1303, during his military campaign, the King of England Edward I Plantagenet marched towards the north of Scotland at the head of his army, reaching Kinross . He took the five-year-old Andrew Murray hostage. The boy spent eleven years in English captivity and returned home to Scotland after the defeat of the British by the Scots at the Battle of Bannockburn . The following 1315, Andrew Murray was present at the meeting of the Scottish Parliament in Era, when a decision was made on the succession to the throne. Andrew Murray took possession of Petty's fatherhood and Botwell in Lanarkshire .
In March 1328, Sir Andrew Murray, along with other nobles, was present at the Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh during the confirmation of the Northampton peace treaty between England and Scotland. The world lasted only four years.
Family
In July 1326, Andrew Murray was married to Princess Christine Bruce (c. 1278-1356 / 1357), sister of King of Scotland Robert I. Bruce , in Cambuskannet Abbey . Before that, Christina Bruce was married twice. Her first husband was Gartnath, Earl of Mar (d. 1305), and the second was Sir Christopher Seton (1278-1306). The couple had two sons:
- Sir John Murray (died 1351), married to Margaret Graham, Countess of Menteith (c. 1334 - c. 1380)
- Sir Thomas Murray (d. 1361), married to Joanna, daughter of Maurice de Moravia, Count Stattern (1276-1336).
Military and political career
In June 1329 King Robert of Scotland died; I Bruce , his five-year-old son David II was proclaimed the new king of Scotland. Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray (c. 1278 - 1332) - Robert Bruce's nephew was appointed regent (custodian) of the kingdom. In June 1332, Randolph died suddenly. Disorder began in Scotland. Edward Balliol (1283-1367), the eldest son of King John I. Balliol of Scotland, declared his rights to the royal throne. Edward Balliol took the oath of allegiance to the king of England, and with a small army invaded Scotland. Meanwhile, on August 2, 1332, the parliament in Perth elected the new keeper of Domnalla's kingdom , Count Mar. On August 11, 1332, Edward Balliol defeated the royal army at the Battle of Dapplin-Mure , and Count Domnall de Mar was killed. Part of the Scottish lords went over to the side Balliol. On September 24, 1332, he was crowned at Scone as the new king of Scotland. In the same year, Sir Andrew Morey was elected regent and keeper of the kingdom by supporters of the Scottish King David II Bruce. In 1333, Andrew Murray attacked Edward Balliol in Roxburgh . During an attempt to save Ralph Golding, he was captured. He was captured by the King of England and was taken to Durham in April 1333 .
In 1334, Andrew Murray was released from English imprisonment and returned to Scotland, where he resumed the fight against the British. Together with Alexander de Mowbray, he moved to the county of Buchan , where he besieged Henry de Beaumont in Dandargh Castle (August-November). Having deprived the defenders of the castle of water, he forced his enemy to surrender and allowed him to return to England. In April 1335, Andrew Murray attended a meeting of parliament in the castle of Derse , where Robert Stewart and John Randolph, 3rd Earl of Moray, were elected new regents of the kingdom. Andrew Murray, along with Earl Marcha Patrick and William Douglas, Lord Liddesdale , began to conduct a partisan struggle against the British troops and their Scottish supporters. When David Stretbog, the Earl of Atoll , laid siege to Kildrummy , where Christine, Murray's wife, Andrew Murray, with an army of eleven hundred warriors, came to help the besieged. On November 30, 1335, in the battle of Calbrian, Andrew Murray defeated David Stretbog, who was killed in this battle.
Keeper of Scotland
In 1335, Andrew Murray convened parliament in Dunfermline , where he was again elected keeper of the kingdom. In the same year, the English army under the command of King Edward III , who supported his protege and vassal Edward Balliol, invaded Scotland. Andrew Murray laid siege to Kupar in Fife and Lohindorb in Komladla (the latter was Catherine, the widow of Count Atoll). As the English troops approached, Andrew Murray retreated from the walls of Lochindorb. After Edward returned to England, Andrew Murray captured the castles of Dunnottar and Loriston , devastated the lands of Kincardine and Angus . At the beginning of 1337 , having received the support of the Counts of Mar, Fife and William Douglas, he moved through the province of Fife , destroyed the city of Falkland, took the castle of Leuchars and, after a three-week siege, seized and sacked the castle of St. Andrews ( February 28 ). Castle Kupar has not yet surrendered. In March 1337, Andrew Murray repulsed the British Bothwell Castle . In the battle of Krihton, Andrew Murray won a new victory over the British, but Douglas was wounded in this battle. In 1337, Andrew Murray is mentioned as the keeper of Berik Castle .
In 1338, Sir Andrew Murray died at Avoh Castle in Ross County. He was buried in the chapel of Rosmarck, and his remains were reburied in Dunfermline Abbey .
See also
- Bothwell Castle
- Clan Murray
- Kildrummy Castle
Sources
- Bower, Walter, Scotichronicon, ed. DER Watt, 1987–1993. (eng.)
- Campbell, T., England, Scotland and the Hundred Years of War, ed. J. Hale et al., 1970. (English)
- Calendar of Documents Relating to Scotland, Four Volumes, ed. J. Bain, 1881–1888; (eng.)
- Douglas-Simpson, W., Campaign and Battle of the Culblean, in Scotland, vol. 64 1929-30. (eng.)
- Fordun, John of the Chronicles of the Scottish Nation, ed. WF Skene, 1872. (eng.)
- Nicholson, R., Edward III and the Scots, 1965. (English)
- Reid, RC Edward de Balliol, in the Transactions of the Dumfriesshire and Galloway Antiquarian and Natural History Society, vol. 35 1956-7. (eng.)
- Wyntoun, Andrew, The Original Chronicle of Scotland, ed. FJ Amours, 1907. (English)
Links
- Smith, George Gregory (1894). "Murray, Andrew (d.1338)" . In Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.