Checheigen (Chichigan, Jijikan, Checheigan, Secheigen, Secheigen-akhai [2] , Tseikeyken [3] ; Mong. Tsetseihen ; Chinese. 阇 阇 干 ;? - c. 1237 ) - the second [4] daughter of Genghis Khan and his elder wife Borte , ruler of Oirats [5] .
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Biography
In 1207, Genghis Khan sent his eldest son, Jochi, at the head of the army to the lands located west of Lake Baikal to conquer the tribes living in those places. Oirats were the first to submit to Genghis Khan. For this, the daughter of Genghis Khan, Checheigen, was married to Inalchi, the son of the Oirat leader Khudukh-beki . One of Jochi’s daughters, Oluyhan, the niece of Checheigen, was married to another son of Khudukh-beki, Torelchi [6] . However, Rashid ad-Din indicates that Checheigen was extradited for Torelchi (Torelchi-gurgena). The authors of the Yuan Shi chronicle also adhere to the latest version [7] .
According to the “ Altan Tobchi ”, sending Checheigen to the Oirats, Genghis Khan gave her the following instruction through Boorchu-noyon :
“Seichagen-ahai, listen! Hagan, your father, for the sake of you, his daughter born to him, left the conquered Oirat people to roam [in the same lands]. Get up early, stay up late! Be always attentive to the husband’s relatives and his nobles. Day and night, equally [with him] take care [of their people and possessions]. Know the said teachings by heart! Be chaste! Leave that bad that was not taught here, and go! The good that was taught, remember and go! They deigned to unite and direct the Oirat people! ”
- “Altan Tobchi” [2]
Checheigen had three sons: Buka-Timur, Burtoa and Bars-Buka, as well as two daughters: Ilchikmish-Khatun - the wife of Arig-Bugi and Ergene-Khatun - the wife of Khara-Khulagu , the grandson of Chagatai [8] .
The reign of Checheigen gave the Mongols control of the northern trade routes. Despite this, Jack Weatherford believes that, in comparison with the other daughters of Genghis Khan, the Checheigen marriage was the least prestigious: the Oirats were not the most powerful tribe, and the way of life in their area was more severe than on the important sections of the Great Silk Road where the Checheigen sisters ruled [ 5] .
In 1237 , probably already after the death of Checheigen, her brother Ogedei captured the Oirat lands [5] .
Notes
- ↑ China Biographical Database
- ↑ 1 2 Lubsan Danzan. Altan Tobchi (The Golden Legend) .
- ↑ Bakaev E.P. Kalmyks-tsatatans: on the problem of the origin of the ethnic group and the etymology of the ethnonym // Bulletin of the Kalmyk Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - 2011. - No. 2 . - S. 68-74 .
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din. Collection of annals .
- ↑ 1 2 3 Weatherford, Jack. The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire. - New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2010 .-- ISBN 978-0-307-58936-1 .
- ↑ Concealed Legend of the Mongols § 239 .
- ↑ Igor de Rachewiltz. The Secret History of the Mongols. A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century translated with a historical and philological commentary . - Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2004 .-- Vol. one.
- ↑ Rashid ad-Din. Collection of annals .
Sources
- Lubsan Danzan. Altan Tobchi. Golden legend. Translation by N.P. Shastina / Rumyantsev G.N. - Moscow: Nauka, 1973.- 440 p.
- Mongolian Ordinary Izbornik // Secret Tale. The Mongolian Chronicle of 1240 Yuan Chao BI Shi. / Translation by S. A. Kozin . - M.-L.: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 1941.
- Rashid ad-Din . Collection of annals / Translated from Persian by L. A. Khetagurov, edited and notes by Professor A. A. Semenov. - M., L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952. - T. 1, book. one.
- Rashid ad-Din . Collection of annals / Translation from Persian O. I. Smirnova, edited by Professor A. A. Semenov. - M., L .: Publishing house of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1952. - T. 1, book. 2.
- Weatherford, Jack. The Secret History of the Mongol Queens: How the Daughters of Genghis Khan Rescued His Empire. - New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2010 .-- ISBN 978-0-307-58936-1 .